Contents
Preface
1. Land-Use Planning: An Overview of the Issues
Randall G. Holcombe and Samuel R. Staley Public Concern About Sprawl The Issues
The Political Response Market Mechanisms The Market Order Conclusion
2. An Overview of U.S. Urbanization and Land-Use Trends
Samuel R. Staley
How Developed Is the U.S.? What Land Is Urbanized? NRI Data Reliability Housing Preferences and Trends Conclusion
3. The Geography of Transportation and Land Use
Peter Gordon and Harry W. Richardson Suburbanization Transportation Issues
Conclusions
vi Contents
4. Congestion and Traffic Management 59
Robert W. Poole, Jr.
Road Pricing: The History of an Idea 60
Resistance to Urban Road Pricing 62
Rethinking Highway Finance 65
Highway Finance Reform 67
Equity Issues 69
Can New Technology Make Pricing Feasible? 70
A New Paradigm for Urban Roadways 74
Getting from Here to There 75
Conclusion 77
5. Air Quality, Density, and Environmental Degradation 79
Kenneth Green
Density and Air Quality 81
Density and Water Quality 88
Density and Soil Contamination 90
Conclusion 93
6. National Land-Use Planning Through Environmental Policy 95
Jefferson G. Edgens
Nonpoint Source Water Pollution 96
Ecosystem Protection Via Watershed Management 98
EPA Authority Under the Clean Water Act 98
Expanding the EPA' s Nonstatutory Regulatory Control 101
The EPA and Federal Growth Management 104 American Heritage Rivers Initiative and
the Gulf of Mexico Initiative 106
EPA Authority Over Nonpoint Sources 108
Guidelines for Policy 109
Conclusion 111
7. Regionalism and the Growth Management Movement 113
Gerard C. S. Mildner
The Development of Comprehensive Land-Use Planning 114
Regional Planning and Fiscal Equity 116
Land-Use Planning in Portland, Oregon 120
Conclusion 130
8. Growth Management in Action: The Case of Florida 131
Randall G. Holcombe
Florida's 1985 Growth Management Act 132
Concurrency 134
Urban Sprawl 137
Lessons from Florida's Urban Sprawl Policy 143vi Contents
4. Congestion and Traffic Management 59
Robert W. Poole, Jr.
Road Pricing: The History of an Idea 60
Resistance to Urban Road Pricing 62
Rethinking Highway Finance 65
Highway Finance Reform 67
Equity Issues 69
Can New Technology Make Pricing Feasible? 70
A New Paradigm for Urban Roadways 74
Getting from Here to There 75
Conclusion 77
5. Air Quality, Density, and Environmental Degradation 79
Kenneth Green
Density and Air Quality 81
Density and Water Quality 88
Density and Soil Contamination 90
Conclusion 93
6. National Land-Use Planning Through Environmental Policy 95
Jefferson G. Edgens
Nonpoint Source Water Pollution 96
Ecosystem Protection Via Watershed Management 98
EPA Authority Under the Clean Water Act 98
Expanding the EPA' s Nonstatutory Regulatory Control 101
The EPA and Federal Growth Management 104 American Heritage Rivers Initiative and
the Gulf of Mexico Initiative 106
EPA Authority Over Nonpoint Sources 108
Guidelines for Policy 109
Conclusion 111
7. Regionalism and the Growth Management Movement 113
Gerard C. S. Mildner
The Development of Comprehensive Land-Use Planning 114
Regional Planning and Fiscal Equity 116
Land-Use Planning in Portland, Oregon 120
Conclusion 130
8. Growth Management in Action: The Case of Florida 131
Randall G. Holcombe
Florida's 1985 Growth Management Act 132
Concurrency 134
Urban Sprawl 137
Lessons from Florida's Urban Sprawl Policy 143
Contents
VII
Growth Management as Central Planning 144
Planning for Private and Public Resources 146
Planning for Transportation and Land-Use Patterns 148
Impediments to Infrastructure Planning 153
Conclusion 153
9. Urban Density and Sprawl: An Historic Perspective 155
Robert Bruegmann
Sprawl and Density 156
Density: A Compact History 157
American Cities and European Cities 161
Decentralization and Density Today 166
Causes of Decentralization 170
The Fight Against Low Density 174
10. Property Rights in a Complex World 179
Roger E. Meiners and Andrew P. Morriss
The Nature and Source of Property Rights 180
Free Market Environmentalism 193
Environmental Creativity 197
Conclusion 199
11. Markets, Smart Growth, and the Limits of Policy 201
Samuel R. Staley
The Politics of Smart Growth and Growth Management 202
Key Features of Smart Growth Plans 206
Legislative Decisionmaking 208
Bureaucratic Decisionmaking 213
Market Decisionmaking 215
Policy Implications 217
12. Infrastructure Provision in a Market-Oriented Framework 219
Wendell Cox
Where Should Infrastructure Be Provided? 219 Improving Efficiency and Effectiveness:
Competitive Service Provision 223
Competitive Infrastructure Development 224
Competitive Service Delivery (Competitive Contracting) 225
A Special Case: Roadways 225
De-Politicizing Infrastructure 231
Conclusions 232
13. Fixing the Dysfunctional Central City 235
Steven Hayward
v*" Contents
14. Policy Implications 251
Randall G. Holcombe and Samuel R. Staley
Urban Development 252
Environmental Issues 255
Transportation 257
Land-Use Policy 259
Policy for the Underprivileged, the Poor, and Minorities 261
Conclusion 262
References 267
Index 283
About the Editors and Contributors 289