CONTENTS Abbreviations' 9 Executive Summary 11 Introduction & Need For The Study 11 Objectives, Approach And Methodology . 11 Major Findings . 12 Chapter 1 - Introduction & Rationale 14 1.1 Water Consumption And Water Metering 15 1.1 Need For The Study 18 Chapter 2 - Literature Review 19 2.1 Urban Water Supply Sector 22 2.2 Service Level Benchmark (Slb) 23 2.3.1 Water Supply Services . 23 2.3 Types Of Water Supply Systems 25 2.3.1 Intermittent Water Supply System . 25 2.3.1.1 Disadvantages Of Intermittent Water Supply System 26 2.3.2 24x7 Water Supply System 27 2.3.2.1 Advantages Of 24x7 Water Supply System . 28 2.4 Learning's From Literature Reviews . 30 Chapter 3 - Approach & Methodology . 31 3.1 Research Question 31 3.2 Objectives . 31 3.3 Approach 31 3.4 Methodology . 33 3.4.1 Survey Of Residents - Hh Level Questionnaire 34 3.4.2 Interviews/Discussions With Private Consultant's 34 3.4.3 Interviews/Discussions With Urban Local Body . 35 Perceived Challenges In Achieving 24x7 Water Supply System In Ahmedabad City Snigdha Baghel (Up0312) 6 3.4.4 Interview With Subject Matter Experts 36 3.5 Site Selection . 36 Chapter 4 - Study Area . 38 4.1 Basic Profiling . 38 4.2 Water Project And Production Department, Ahmedabad 43 Chapter 5 - Analysis & Findings . 49 5.1 Analytical Findings From Survey Of Residents . 49 5.2 Analytical Findings From Discussions With Domain Experts & Private Consultants . 53 5.2.1 Technical Data Required For Implementation 54 5.3 Analytical Findings From The Case Studies . 57 5.3.1 24x7 Water Supply System In Nagpur 57 5.3.2 24x7 Water Supply System Of Malkapur 64 5.3.3 24x7 Water Supply System Of South Goa . 66 5.3.4 24x7 Water Supply System At A Society Level . 68 5.3.4.1 A Case Study Of Navdeep Apartment, Memnagar, Ahmedabad . 68 5.3.4.2 A Case Study Of Vishwas City-2 Society, Shayona City, Ahmedabad . 69 5.3.5 Learning's From Case Studies 71 5.4 Major Findings . 72 Chapter 6 - Conclusion . 74 Bibliography 77 Annexes 80 Annexure 1: Questionnaire For The Residents Of Ahmedabad 80 Annexure 2: Questionnaire For The Engineers Of Urban Local Body Of Ahmedabad. 83 Annexure 3: Questionnaire For The Engineers At Tata Consulting Engineers Ltd. (Tce) 85 Annexure 4: List Of People With Whom Interviews / Discussions Were Conducted 88