Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of Contents . ix
List of figures xiv
List of tables . xviii
List of Abbreviations . xx
1 Introduction . 1
1.1 Current scenario of New Mobility market 1
1.2 Significance of the study . 1
1.3 Aim 2
1.4 Research questions 2
1.5 Objectives.. 3
1.6 Scope and Limitations of the study .. 3
1.7 Methodology 3
1.7.1 Literature Review 3
1.7.2 Study area analysis 4
1.7.3 Data collection plan . 4
1.7.4 Data collation and analysis 4
2 New Mobility Services 5
2.1 Definition .. 5
2.2 Evolution of New Mobility Services . 5
2.3 Types of New Mobility Services 6
2.3.1 Ride sourcing services . 7
2.3.2 Ride sharing services . 7
2.3.3 Vehicle rental services . 8
2.4 Regulatory framework for New Mobility services . 9
2.5 Benefits of New Mobility Services 10
2.6 Impacts of new mobility services 11
2.6.1 Impact of ride sourcing services 11
2.6.2 Impact of ride sharing services . 12
2.6.3 Impacts of Bike sharing services . 16
3 City Profile 21
3.1 City selection 21
3.2 About the study area . 21
3.3 Demographic profile . 22
3.4 Socio Economic profile . 23
3.5 Vehicle ownership 23
3.6 Transport systems 25
3.6.1 Suburban rail network 25
3.6.2 City Bus network 25
3.6.3 Metro rail . 25
3.6.4 Monorail 26
3.6.5 Intermediate paratransit 26
3.6.6 New Mobility Services present in the study area . 26
3.7 Mode share 27
4 Data collection plan 29
4.1 Required data . 29
4.1.1 Operational characteristics . 29
4.1.2 Regulatory compliances 30
4.1.3 Behavioural changes 30
4.1.4 User perception 31
4.2 Sampling . 31
5 Operational characteristics of New Mobility services . 33
5.1 Ride sourcing service 33
5.1.1 Driver’s perspective . 36
5.2 Ride sharing services 41
5.2.1 Cab sharing service 41
5.2.2 Carpool Service 42
5.2.3 Shuttle service . 44
5.3 Public bike sharing services . 46
6 Regulatory framework for New Mobility Services 49
6.1 Ride sourcing services 49
6.2 Ride sharing services 51
6.2.1 Cab sharing service 51
6.2.2 Carpool service 52
6.2.3 Shuttle service . 52
6.3 Public Bike Sharing service: 53
6.4 Summarizing the regulatory response . 54
7 The impact of new mobility services on travel behaviour 55
7.1 Impact of New mobility services offering personalized rides 55
7.1.1 User Profile . 55
7.1.2 Travel characteristics of Ride sourcing trips . 56
7.1.3 Impact on Travel behaviour 58
7.2 Impact of New mobility services offering shared rides 61
7.2.1 User Profile . 61
7.2.2 Travel characteristics of Ride sharing trips . 62
7.2.3 Impact on Travel behaviour 63
7.3 User Perception of Services . 66
7.3.1 Perception of safety . 66
8 Conclusion 69
8.1 Key findings . 69
8.1.1 Role of New Mobility services . 69
8.1.2 Expenditure on transport and New Mobility services 69
8.1.3 Effect of New Mobility services on Mode share 70
8.1.4 Operational models of New Mobility services . 70
8.1.5 Regulatory frameworks for the New Mobility services 71
8.1.6 Miscellaneous findings . 72
8.2 Areas of concern . 73
8.3 Recommendations 74
8.3.1 Regulatory reforms required at National level 74
8.3.2 Recommendations at State level 74
8.3.3 Recommendations at City level 75
References . 76
Appendix 1: Population growth trend of the study area 81
Appendix 2: Vehicle ownership trends in study area 83
Appendix 3: Operator’s Questionnaire: Ride sourcing service 85
Appendix 4: Questionnaire for regulator’s interview 89
Appendix 5: User perception survey: Ride sourcing . 91
Appendix 6: User perception survey: Ride sharing . 96
Appendix 7: User perception survey: Shuttle service . 100