Contents
Undertaking i
Certificate iii
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vii
Table of Contents ix
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xvii
List of Abbreviations xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Need for the Study 2
1.2.1 Public Transport 2
1.2.2 Public Transport in India 3
1.2.3 Lucknow – an overview 5
1.3 Aim 7
1.4 Objectives 7
1.5 Methodology 7
1.6 Scope & Limitations 8
2 Literature Review 9
2.1 Defining Accessibility 9
2.2 Measuring Accessibility 9
2.3 Applications of PT accessibility levels 11
2.4 Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTAL) Method 12
2.5 Applications of PTAL method 13
2.5.1 London, United Kingdom 13
2.5.2 Melbourne, Australia 14
2.5.3 Ryde, Australia . 14
2.5.4 India 15
2.6 Calculating Accessibility Levels using PTAL Method 16
2.7 Urban Planning in Lucknow 17
2.7.1 Spatial Planning 18
2.7.2 Transport Planning 19
2.7.3 Smart City Proposal – a supplementary layer to city planning 19
2.8 Public Transport in Lucknow 20
3 Data Collection & Analysis 23
3.1 Data Collection 23
3.2 Methodology 23
3.2.1 Mapping data 23
3.2.2 Measuring PT accessibility 24
3.2.3 Further analysis . 24
3.3 Urban Sprawl 25
3.4 Demographics . 26
3.5 Slums and EWS Housing 27
3.6 PTAL Map of Lucknow 29
3.7 Comparing PTAL with population distribution 33
3.8 Assessing the inclusivity of public transit in Lucknow 38
3.9 Utility of PTAL in Master / Development Plans 35
3.10 Micro-level analysis 41
3.11 Key Takeaways 42
4 Recommendations 43
4.1 Overview 43
4.2 Enhancing Master Plans / Development Plans 44
4.3 PTAL as a tool to enhance zoning 48
4.4 Increasing the efficiency of the public transit 51
4.5 Making public transit more inclusive. 53
4.5.1 Improving PT accessibility for existing projects 53
4.5.2 Determining prospective locations for EWS housing projects in the future 54
4.6 Enhancing Micro-level plans using PTAL 56
5 Conclusion 59
5.1 Creating a holistic platform for “smart” urban planning 60
References 63
Appendix 1: PTAL Method Glossary 67
Appendix 2: Ward-wise Population of Lucknow 69
Appendix 3: Ward-wise Slum Population (2011) 73
Appendix 4: PTAL calculation – sample AI calculation 77