Contents
Undertaking ii
Certificate iii
Acknowledgements v
Abstract vii
Table of contents ix
List of figures xv
List of tables . xi
List of Abbreviations xii
1. Introduction 13
1.1 Background 13
1.2 Rationale 14
1.3 Aim 14
1.4 Central Research Question 14
1.5 Objectives 15
1.6 Scope 15
1.7 Limitations 15
1.8 Research Methodology 16
2. Public Transport Accessibility in Spatial Planning: A Literature Review 19
2.1 Spatial Urban Growth 19
2.1.1 Land and transport development shapes urban growth 19
2.1.2 Accessibility: A performance indicator for land use and
transportation systems 20
2.1.3 Factors affecting Accessibility 20
2.2 Defining Public Transport Accessibility 21
2.2.1 Improvement in Accessibility levels 21
2.3 Measuring Public Transport Accessibility 21
2.3.1 Applications of measuring accessibility levels . 22
2.3.2 Different tools to measure PT accessibility 22
2.4 Justification to choose PTAL as a measuring tool 23
2.4.1 A brief introduction to PTAL and mapping 23
2.4.2 Limitations of PTAL 23
2.5 Adaptation of PTAL in cities . 23
2.5.1 Case of London 24
2.5.2 Case of Melbourne 24
2.5.3 Case of CBD, Auckland 24
2.5.4 Case of Ahmedabad and Surat 24
2.5.5 Lessons for urban planners 25
3. Greater Raipur Region and study area: An overview 26
3.1 Background 26
3.2 Regional Setting of Greater Raipur Region 27
3.2.1 Raipur urban agglomeration 28
3.2.2 Durg – Bhilai urban agglomeration 28
3.2.3 Naya Raipur urban agglomeration 28
3.3 Transport Connectivity 28
3.3.1 Road Network 29
3.3.2 Public Transport systems 29
3.4 The urban planning process in Chhattisgarh 31
3.4.1 Town and Country Planning Organization 31
3.5 Study Area characteristics 32
3.5.1 Administrative boundaries 32
3.5.2 Planning boundaries 33
3.6 Spatial growth and past planning efforts 35
3.6.1 Past Planning efforts 36
3.7 Current Public Transport scenario 37
3.7.1 RNNTL and RUPTS 37
3.7.2 City Buses 39
3.7.3 Bus Rapid Transit System. 40
4. Analysis: Existing Public Transport Accessibility Levels 42
4.1 Methodology for calculation PTAL in Raipur and Naya Raipur 42
4.2 Mapping PTAL 2020 44
4.3 Observations from PTAL 2020 45
4.3.1 High Accessibility levels 46
4.3.2 Moderate accessibility levels 46
4.3.3 Poor accessibility levels 46
4.4 Spatial distribution of Public Transport accessibility 47
4.4.1 Proposed Land Use 47
4.4.2 Phased Land Development 52
4.4.3 Population Density 56
4.5 Proposed Public Transport Network in Raipur and Naya Raipur 2034 59
4.5.1 Proposed PT Routes 60
4.5.2 Proposed PT Stop locations 60
4.5.3 Proposed service frequencies 61
4.6 Mapping Public Transport Accessibility Levels 2034 62
4.7 Changes expected in 2034 63
4.8 Proposed Zoning in Raipur and Naya Raipur 2034 64
5. Public Transport driven Development Scenarios in Greater Raipur Region 65
5.1 Extending to Regional Context 65
5.2 Interdependent urban characteristics of growth centres 65
5.3 Travel Desire Pattern of Bus Trips in Region 66
5.4 The public transport network in Greater Raipur Region 67
5.4.1 Proposed Public Transport network in Regional Mobility Plan (2034) 67
5.5 Alternative Growth Directions 68
5.5.1 Development scenario 1: Business as Usual 69
5.5.2 Development scenario 2: Urban node-based Development 70
5.5.3 Development scenario 3: Higher growth in Naya Raipur 71
5.5.4 Comparative evaluation of growth scenarios 72
5.6 Expected growth scenario: Unified Raipur urban agglomeration 76
6. Recommendations to urban decision-makers 80
6.1 Strengthening Institutions 80
6.2 Physical planning considerations 81
6.2.1 City-level planning considerations 81
6.2.2 Strategic development for Region 82
7. Conclusion 84
References 86
Appendix 1 88
Appendix 2 89
Appendix 3 90