Table of Contents
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Significance of the study 2
1.3 Problem statement 2
1.4 Research Question 2
1.5 Research Objectives 2
1.6 Research Limitations 3
1.7 Scope of the study 3
1.8 Expected Outcomes 3
2. Literature Review 4
2.1 Methods available for predicting natural ventilation performance 4
2.2 Flow visualization 4
2.3 Ventilation performance metrics 5
2.3.1 Age of air 5
2.3.2 Ventilation Efficiency 6
2.3.3 Net Escape Velocity (NEV) 7
2.3.4 Purging flow rate 7
2.3.5 Air change Effectiveness 7
2.3.6 Air Changes per Hour (ACH) 8
2.4 Learning from the literature review 8
3. Research Methodology 9
3.1Overview 9
3.2 Natural Ventilation 10
3.2.1 Simulating an Apartment in Water Table Apparatus 10
3.2.2 Ventilation Metrics 10
3.3 Photographic data to ventilation metrics 11
3.3.1 Extracting pixel values 11
3.3.2 Post processing the pixel values 12
3.4 Concentration values to metrics 13
3.5 Verification of quantification methodology 17
4. Results and Discussion 18
4.1 Flow visualization of three single rooms with different window configuration 18
4.1.1 Percentage of Dead Spots (% DS) 20
4.1.2 Absolute Ventilation Efficiency (AVE) 21
4.1.3 Air Changes per Hour (ACH) 21
4.1.4 Dose 22
4.1.5 Zone Mean Age of Air (ZMA) 23
4.2 Flow visualization of a 3BHK apartment 23
4.2.1 Percentage of Dead Spots (% DS) 24
4.2.2 Absolute Ventilation Efficiency (AVE) 25
4.2.3 Air Changes per Hour (ACH 26
4.2.4 Dose 26
4.2.5 Room Mean Age of Air (RMA) 27
4.3 Comparative Analysis 28
4.3.1 AVE vs % DS 28
4.3.2 ACH vs RMA / % DS 28
5. Conclusion and Recommendation for future study 29
Conclusion 29
Recommendations for future study 30
6. References i
7. Appendices iv