TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT i
UNDERTAKING iii
CERTIFICATE v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii
ABBREVIATIONS ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS xi
LIST OF FIGURES xv
LIST OF TABLES xvii
LIST OF APPENDIX xix
CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER-2: LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 Research Background 3
2.2 What is AR/VR 4
2.2.1 History of AR/VR 4
2.2.2 Development and Devices: 6
2.2.3 Working Process of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality 7
2.2.4 AR/VR Hardware: 9
2.2.5 AR/VR Software: 12
2.3 Construction Training of workers 14
2.3.1 Hands on skill training in Construction 16
2.3.2 Codes and Guidelines for Workers Training 16
2.4 Safety Induction Process 20
2.5 AR/VR in AEC 23
2.5.1 Use of AR/VR in AEC Education and Training 24
2.5.2 AR/VR Training Application in Construction Industry 25
2.5.3 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Various Industries 26
CHAPTER-3: Research Objectives 29
3.1 Research Objectives 29
3.2 Expected Outcome 30
3.3 Research Plan 30
CHAPTER-4: Data Collection 33
4.1 Online Survey 33
4.1.1 Survey Questions and Purpose 33
4.1.2 Responses and Results 34
4.2 Case Studies 35
4.2.1 An investigation of the eye-tracking interface in VR/AR learning . .... 35
4.2.2 The utilization of virtual reality to enhance safety during the steel construction process 39
4.2.3 Monitoring and Safety System Based on Augmented and Virtual Reality 42
4.2.4 Austrian Use Case Study on Augmented Reality for Building Authorities 46
4.2.5 Creation of stereo-panoramic and virtual reality training environments for construction safety 48
4.2.6 Using the Virtual Safety Training Tool, V-SAFE, to Improve Construction Safety Training 50
4.2.7 Construction Industry Postural Training with Virtual Reality 52
4.2.8 A Structure for Using Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality on Mobile Devices for Hands-on Construction Safety Education 54
4.2.9 A cooperative modelling environment for building engineering and management education based on augmented reality 57
4.2.10 A Structure for Using Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality on Mobile Devices for Hands-on Construction Safety Education 59
4.2.11 Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of virtual reality mine safety training system 62
4.2.12 A review of the uses of virtual reality in engineering education 64
4.2.13 A Critical Review of the Use of Virtual Reality in Construction Engineering Education and Training 66
4.2.14 A critical review of virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) applications in construction safety 68
4.3 Key AR/VR Companies 71
4.3.1 Meta (Oculus): 71
4.3.2 HTC Corporation: 72
4.3.3 Microsoft: 72
4.3.4 Epic Games (Unreal Engine): 72
4.3.5 Unity Technologies: 73
4.3.6 Yellowchalk: 73
4.3.7 Scapic: 73
4.3.8 Queppelin: 73
4.3.9 SmartVizX: 74
4.3.10 Dimentrix Technologies: 74
CHAPTER-5: Data Analysis 75
5.1 Data Analysis from online form 75
5.2 Data analysis of Case Studies 77
CHAPTER-6: Conclusion 81
REFERENCES 83
APPENDIX 89