Contents
Part –I
Chapter 1 : Fire Protection 1-10
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Protection Need 3
1.3 Fire Types 4
1.4 Fire Initiation 4
1.5 Fire Protection 5
1.6 Active Fire Protection 6
1.6.1 Sprinklers 6
1.6.2 Detectors and Alarms 7
1.6.3 Smoke Control 7
1.7 Passive Fire Protection 8
1.8 Steel Exposed to Fire 9
Chapter 2 : Passive Fire Proofing 11-23
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 Major Protection Forms 13
2.2.1 Spray Systems 13
2.2.2 Boarded System 14
2.2.3 Pre-formed System 15
2.2.4 Intumescent Coating 15
2.2.5 Concrete Fillings 17
2.2.6 Water Fillings 17
2.2.7 Other Protection Forms 17
2.3 Traditional System 20
2.3.1 Concrete Encasement 20
2.3 .2 Composite Floor 21
2.4 Fire Resistance Steel 22
Chapter 3 : Protection Guidance 24-40
3.1 Introduction 24
3.2 Definition 25
3.2. I Fire Resistance 25
3.2.2 Fire Loads 26
3.2.3 Fire Rating 26
3.2.4 Section Factors 27
3.3 Protection Specification 31
3.3.1 Fire Compartment 31
3.3.2 Frame and Building Envelope 33
3.3.3 Fire Stopper 34
3.3.4 Glazing System 34
3.3.5 Fire Doors 34
3.3.6 Tubular Structures 35
3.4 Protection ofBuilding System 35
3.4.1 Steel Construction 35
3.4.2 Concrete Construction 36
3.4.3 Composite Members 36
3.4.4 Slim Floor Systems 37
3.4.5 Reinforced Concrete Filled 37 ~
3.4.6 Columns within Walls 37
3.4.7 External Columns 37
3.4.8 Water Filled Stryctures 38
3.5 Protection not Required 39
3.5.1 Shielded Members 39
3.5.2 Low Fire Risk Buildings 39
3.5.3 Platform Floor (access or raised floor) 39
3.5.4 Raised Strong Floors 39
3.5.5 Other Areas 39
3.6 Re-Use ofFire Damaged Steel 40
Chapter 4 : Standards and Coating Applications 41-48
4.1 Introduction 41
4.2 Fire Test Standards 41
4.2.1 European Standards 43
4.2.2 Indian Statndards 43
4.3 Assessment of Materials 45
4.4 Application of Coatings 45
4.4.1 Surface Preparation 45
4.4.2 Primer Selection 46
4.4.3 Compatibility between Coats 46
4.4.4 Film Thickness 46
4.5 Guidance for Applications 47
4.5.1 Application Methods 47
4.5.2 Film Thickness Determination 47 3.4
4.6 Acceptance and Maintenance of Coating 48
Chapter 5 : Fire Testing for Pasive Protections 49-54
5.1 Introduction 49
5.2 Fire Testing and Certification 49
5.3 Fire Testing 50 j
5.3.1 Protection System 50
5.3.2 Test Specimen 50
5.3.3 Thermo Coupling 51
5.3.4 Test Conditions 51
5.3.5 Results 51
5.4 Product Specifications 52
5.4 .1 Mixing 52
5.4.2 Airless Spray 52
5.4.3 Procedure 53
5.4.4 Over Spray 53
5.4.5 Acceptance Criteria 53
5.4.6 Correction Procedure 53
5.4.7 Thickness ofTop Coat 53
5.5 Cosmetic Finish 54
5.6 Inspection and Maintenance 54
Chapter 6 : Testing of Indian Steel Sections 55-69
6.1 Introduction 55
6.2 Test Set up 56
6.3 Fire Test Standards 59
6.3.1 Assessment Methods 59
6.3.2 Certification 59
6.4 Thickness of Coating 60
6.5 Limiting Steel Temperature 60
6.6 Estimation of Coating Systems 61
6. 7 Fire Testing 62
6.7.1 Coating Systems 62
6.7.2 Sample Preparation 63
6.8 Post Bum: Film/Char Thickness 65
6.9 Summary 68
Part- lll
Chapter 7 : Indian Case Studies 70-78
7.1 Introduction 70
7.2 Ban galore International Airport 70
7.3 Passenger Terminal Building, Delhi 71
7.4 ETL Mall, Coimbatore 71
7~5 Flextronics Mobile Hardware Manufacturing unit, Chennai 72
7.6 ICICI Corporate Building Hyderabad 72
7.7 Infosys Corporate Building, Pune 73
7.8 Motorola Mobile Manufacturing unit, Chennai. 73
7.9 Mumbai Airport Expansion, Mumbai 74
7.10 Nokia Mobile Manufacturing unit- Phase I, Chennai 74
7.1! Nokia Mobile Manufacturing unit- Phase II, Chennai 75
7.12 Nokia Mobile Manufacturing unit-Phase III, Chennai 75
7.13 Nokia Siemens Networks, Chennai 76
7.14 Sacomp Charger Facility, Chennai 76
7.15 DMRC Phase II, Delhi 77
7.16 ICCCL, Corporate Office Building Chennai 77
7.18 Volvo Eicher Corporate Office Building-Gurgaon 78
Chapter 8 : Steel Section Property Tables 79-92
8.1 Tata Steel Hollow Sections Property Tables 79
8.1.1 Guidance ofPassive Fire Proofing (SHS Four Sides) 80
8.1 .2 Guidance of Passive Fire Proofing (RHS Four Sides) 82
8.1.3 Guidance ofPassive Fire Proofing (CHS) 84
8.2 M/s. Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. Steel Sections property Tables (Beams) 85
8.2.1 Guidance ofPassive Fire Proofing (3 Sided Beams) 86
8.3 M/s. Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. Steel Sections Property Tables 88
(Columns at 4 Sided Exposure)
8.3.1 Guidance ofPassive Fire Proofing (4 Sided Columns) 89
8.4 M/s. Rashtriya I spat Nigam Ltd. Property Table (Beams & Columns) 91
8.4.1 Guidance ofPassive Fire Proofing (3 Sided Beams) 91
8.4.2 Guidance ofPassive Fire Proofing (4 Sided Columns) 92
Glossary 93-93
Bibliography 94-95