Fundamentals of surveying (Record no. 44762)
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| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 16541 a2200181 4500 |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER | |
| International Standard Book Number | 9788120341982 |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER | |
| Classification number | 624.11 |
| Item number | ROY |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Roy, S. K. |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | Fundamentals of surveying |
| 250 ## - EDITION STATEMENT | |
| Edition statement | Ed.2 |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc | 2010 |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc | New Delhi |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc | PHI learning pvt. ltd. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | xvii,606p. |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE | |
| Formatted contents note | CONTENTS<br/>Preface xv<br/>Preface to the First Edition xvii<br/>1.INTRODUCTION 1- 6 <br/> 1.1 Definition 1<br/> 1.2 Classification of Surveying 1<br/> 1.3 History of Surveying 2<br/> 1.4 Modern Trends in Surveying 3<br/> 1.5 The Shape and Size of the Earth 4<br/> 1.6 Horizontal and Level Distances 4<br/> Problems 6<br/> References 6<br/>2. ERRORS IN MEASUREMENT 7-26<br/>2.1 Introduction 7<br/>2.2 Types of Errors 7<br/>2.3 Accuracy and Precision of Measurements 8<br/>2.4 Nature of Random Errors 8<br/>2.5 Measures of Precision 10<br/>2.6 The E50, E90 and E95 Errors 12<br/>2.7 Propagation of Random Errors 12<br/>2.8 Error of a Series 19<br/>2.9 Error of a Mean 19<br/>2.10 Weights of Measurements 20<br/>2.11 Theory of Least Squares Applied to Observations of Unequal Weights 21<br/>2.12 Calculating Weights and Corrections to Field Observations 22<br/>Problems 25<br/>3. MEASUREMENT OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCES 27-58<br/> 3.1 Introduction 27<br/> 3.2 Methods of Measuring Horizontal Distances 27<br/> 3.2.1 Pacing 27<br/> 3.2.2 Odometer 27<br/> 3.2.3 Tacheometry 28<br/> 3.2.4 Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) 28<br/> 3.2.5 Chains 28 <br/> 3.2.6 Tapes 28<br/> 3.3 Chaining and Taping Accessories 28<br/> 3.4 Measurement by Chain 31<br/> 3.5 Reductions to Measurement in Slope 32<br/> 3.6 Systematic Errors in Linear Measurement by Chain or Tape 34 <br/> 3.6.1 Incorrect Length 34<br/> 3.6.2 Chain or Tape not Horizontal 35<br/> 3.6.3 Fluctuations in Temperature 35<br/> 3.6.4 Incorrect Tension or Pull 35<br/> 3.6.5 Sag 35<br/> 3.6.6 Incorrect Alignment 37<br/> 3.6.7 Chain or Tape not Straight 37 <br/> 3.7 Random Errors 37<br/> 3.8 Chain and Tape Survey of a Field 45<br/> 3.9 Error in Offset 46<br/> 3.10 Instruments for Setting out Right Angles 47<br/> 3.10.1 Cross Staff 47<br/> 3.10.2 Optical Square 48 <br/> 3.10.3 Prism square 48<br/> 3.11 Miscellaneous Problems in Chaining 49<br/> 3.12 Field Work for Chain Surveying 53<br/> 3.12.1 Booking the Survey 53<br/> 3.12.2 Conventional Symbols 54 <br/> 3.12.3 Degree of Accuracy of Chaining 55 <br/> Problems 56<br/>4. ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS 59-77<br/> 4.1 Introduction 59<br/> 4.2 Basic Concepts 59<br/> 4.3 Classification of Electromagnetic Radiation 61<br/> 4.4 Basic Principle of Electronic Distance Measurement 62<br/> 4.5 Computing the Distance from the Phase Differences 62<br/> 4.6 Brief Description of Different types of Instruments 64<br/> 4.7 Total Station Instruments 66<br/> 4.8 Effect of Atmospheric Conditions on Wave Velocity 67<br/><br/> 4.9 Instrumental Errors in EDM 69<br/> 4.10 Reduction of Slope Measurements in EDM 69 <br/> Problems 77<br/> References 77<br/>5. LEVELLING 78-105<br/> 5.1 Introduction 78<br/> 5.2 Basic Definitions 78<br/> 5.3 Curvature and Refraction 79<br/> 5.4 Levelling Instruments 81<br/> 5.5 Classification of Surveying Telescope 82<br/> 5.6 Lens Formula 83<br/> 5.7 Engineer's Levels 86<br/> 5.8 Tilting Level 94<br/> 5.9 Automatic or Self-Levelling Level 95<br/> 5.10 Some Important Optical Terms 96<br/> 5.11 Some Important Optical Defects 97<br/> 5.12 The Levelling Staff 97<br/> 5.13 Parallel Plate Micrometer 100<br/> 5.14 Temporary Adjustments of a Dumpy Level 102<br/> 5.15 Terms Used in Levelling 103<br/> 5.16 Different Methods of Levelling 103 <br/> Problems 104<br/>6. LEVELLING 106-142<br/> 6.1 Introduction 106<br/> 6.2 Differential Levelling 106<br/> 6.3 Level Book 107<br/><br/> 6.3.1 Rise and Fall Method 108<br/> 6.3.2 Height of Collimation Method 108<br/> 6.4 Checking of Levels 116<br/> 6.5 Errors in Levelling 116<br/> 6.5.1 Instrumental Errors 117<br/> 6.5.2 Personal Errors 117<br/> 6.5.3 Natural Errors 118<br/> 6.6 Reducing Errors and Eliminating Mistakes in Levelling 119<br/> 6.7 Collimation Correction 119<br/> 6.8 Check Levelling 123<br/> 6.9 Fly Levelling 123<br/> 6.10 Profile Levelling 123<br/> 6.11 Cross Sectional Levelling 126<br/> 6.11.1 Sight Rails and Boning Rods 127<br/> 6.12 Reciprocal Levelling 129<br/> 6.13 Two Peg Test 131<br/> 6.14 Three Wire Levelling 133<br/> 6.15 Error, Adjustment and Precision of Level 134 <br/> Problems 139<br/>7. PERMANENT ADJUSTMENTS OF LEVELS 143-147<br/> 7.1 Introduction 143<br/> 7.2 Permanent Adjustments of a Dumpy Level 143<br/><br/> 7.2.1 First Adjustment 144<br/> 7.2.2 Second Adjustment 145<br/> 7.2.3 Third Adjustment 145<br/> 7.3 Adjustments of a Tilting Level 146<br/> 7.3.1 First Adjustment 146<br/> 7.3.2 Second Adjustment 146<br/> 7.3.3 Third Adjustment 147<br/> 7.4 Adjustments of Automatic Level 147<br/> Problems 147<br/>8. ANGLES AND DIRECTIONS 148-157<br/> 8.1 Introduction 148<br/> 8.2 Different Types of Horizontal Angles 148<br/> 8.3 Direction of a Linerings 150<br/> 8.4 Bearing 150<br/> 8.5 Azimuths 150<br/>9. COMPASS SURVEY 158-179<br/> 9.1 Introduction 158<br/> 9.2 Principle of Compass 158<br/> 9.3 Declination 158<br/> 9.4 Prismatic Compass 159<br/> 9.5 Surveyor's Compass 161<br/> 9.6 Trough Compass 163<br/> 9.7 Magnetic Declination Problem 164<br/> 9.7.1 Analytical Solution 164<br/> 9.7.2 Graphical Solution 166<br/> 9.8 Compass Traverse 168<br/> 9.8.1 Adjustment of Angles of a Closed Traverse 169<br/> 9.9 Local Attraction 169<br/> 9.10 Adjustment of a Compass Traverse 174<br/> 9.11 Errors in Compass Surveying 175 Problems 176<br/>Hints to Selected Questions 179 <br/>Reference 179<br/>10. THEODOLITES 180-218<br/> 10.1 Introduction 180<br/> 10.2 Main Parts of a Vernier Theodolite 180<br/>10.3 Some Basic Definitions 185<br/> 10.4 Fundamental Planes and Lines of a Theodolite 186<br/> 10.5 Fundamental Operations of the Theodolite 187 <br/> 10.5.1 Temporary Adjustments of a Theodolite 188<br/> 10.6 Verniers 188<br/> 10.6.1 Measuring a Horizontal Angle 188<br/> 10.6.2 Laying a Horizontal Angle 189<br/> 10.7 Accurate Measurement of an Angle 190<br/> 10.7.1 Measuring Horizontal Angles by Repetition and Reiteration 191<br/> 10.7.2 Laying out Angles by Repetition 192<br/> 10.7.3 Extending a Straight Line 192<br/> 10.7.4 Method of Reiteration 193<br/> 10.7.5 Measurement of Vertical Angle 194<br/> 10.8 Errors in Theodolite Angles 194<br/> Instrumental Errors 194<br/>Personal Errors 201<br/>Natural Errors 203<br/>9 Mistakes in Theodolite Angles 203<br/>10 Permanent Adjustments of a Vernier Theodolite 203<br/>1 Plate Bubble Tube 204<br/>2 Crosshairs and Line of Sight 204<br/>3 Adjustment of Telescope Bubble Tube 206<br/>4 Adjustment of Vertical Vernier 207<br/>11 Micrometer Microscope 207<br/>12 Optical Theodolites 208<br/>1 Principle of Optical Microscope and Optical Plummet 209<br/>2 Centring by Centring Rod 211<br/>13 Electronic Theodolites 211<br/>14 Measuring Angles with Direction Theodolites 211 Problems 215<br/>Hints to Selected Questions 217<br/>11. TRAVERSE SURVEY AND COMPUTATIONS 219-257<br/>1 Introduction 219<br/>2 Deficiencies of Open Traverse 220<br/>3 Closed Traverse 220<br/>4 Measurement of Traverse Angles 220<br/>5 Measurement of Lengths 222<br/>6 Selection of Traverse Stations 222<br/>11.6.1 Marking and Referencing of Traverse Stations 223<br/>7 Angle Misclosure 223<br/>1 Balancing the Angles of a Traverse 224<br/>2 Angle Distance Relationship 224<br/>8 Traverse Balancing 226<br/>9 Checks in an Open Traverse 227<br/>11.10 Methods of Traverse Adjustments 227<br/>11.10.1 Arbitrary Method 228<br/>11.10.2 Transit Rule 228<br/>11.10.3 Compass or Bowditch Rule 228<br/>11.10.4 Crandall Method 229<br/>11.10.5 Least Square Method 229<br/>1.11 Rectangular Coordinates 229<br/>1.12 Gale's Traverse Table 230<br/>1.13 Use of Analytical Geometry in Survey Computations 234<br/>1.14 Problems of Omitted Measurements 242<br/>1.15 Finding Mistake in Traversing 250 Problems 253<br/>258-318<br/>Hints to Selected Questions 257<br/>12. CURVES<br/>12.1 Introduction 258<br/>12.2 Basic Definitions 258 <br/>12.2.1 Designation of a Curve 259<br/>Elements of a Simple Curve 260 <br/>Setting Out of a Curve 260 <br/>Problems in Setting out Curves 266 <br/>Setting out Curve from an Intermediate Point 268<br/>Setting out the Curve from the Point of Intersection 269 <br/>Passing a Circular Curve Through a Fixed Point 270<br/>12.3 Intersection of a Line and Circle 271<br/>12.3.1 Intersection of Two Circular Curves 271<br/>12.3.2 Curve Passing Tangential to Three Lines 272<br/>12.4 Compound Curve 282<br/>12.5 Reverse Curve 288<br/>12.5.1 General Equation of Reverse Curve 289<br/>12.6 Transition Curve 291<br/>12.6.1 Super Elevation 291<br/>12.6.2 Super Elevation on Highways 292<br/>12.7 Centrifugal Ratio 293<br/>12.8 Length of Transition Curve 294<br/>12.9 Ideal Transition Curve 295<br/>12.9.1 Intrinsic Equation of the Ideal Transition Curve 296<br/>12.9.2 Equations of the Curve in Terms of Cartesian Coordinates 297<br/>12.9.3 Minimum Radius of Curvature of a Cubic Parabola 300<br/>12.10 Characteristics of a Transition Curve 301<br/>12.11 Setting out the Combined Curve 304<br/>12.12 The Lemniscate Curve 305<br/>12.12.1 Equation of Bernoulli's Lemniscate 305 Problems 316<br/>13. VERTICAL CURVES 319-338<br/>13.1 Introduction 319<br/>13.2 General Equation of a Parabolic Curve 320<br/>13.3 Computations for an Unequal Tangent Curve 322<br/>13.4 High or Low Point on a Vertical Curve 322<br/>13.5 Vertical Curve Passing Through a Fixed Point 323<br/>13.6 Design of Vertical Curve 323<br/>13.7 Sight Distance of Vertical Curves at a Sag 327 Problems 337<br/>Hints to Selected Questions 338<br/>14. AREAS AND VOLUMES 339-409<br/>14.1 Introduction 339<br/>14.2 Methods of Measuring Area 339<br/>14.2.1 Area of a Tract with Irregular Boundaries 339<br/>14.2.2 Area of a Closed Traverse 343<br/>14.2.3 Coordinates Method 346<br/>14.2.4 Measurement of Area by Planimeter 347<br/>14.2.5 Partitioning Land 349<br/>14.3 Volumes 351<br/>14.3.1 Cross Section Method 351<br/>14.3.2 Formulae for Computation of Volumes 357<br/>14.3.3 Prismoidal Correction or Prismoidal Excess 358<br/>14.3.4 Curvature Correction 359<br/>14.4 Volume Through Transition 360<br/>14.5 Volume from Spot Levels 362<br/>14.6 Volume by Simpson's Cubature Formula 363<br/>14.7 Volume from Contour Plan 364<br/>14.8 Mass Haul Curve 367<br/>14.8.1 Use of the Mass Diagram 369 Problems 405<br/>Hints to Selected Questions 409 References 409<br/>15. TACHEOMETRY 410-454<br/>15.1 Introduction 410<br/>15.2 Instruments 410<br/>15.3 Different Types of Tacheometric Measurements 411<br/>15.4 Principles of Stadia Method 412<br/>15.5 Internal Focussing Telescope 416<br/>15.6 Determination of Tacheometer Constants 417<br/>15.7 Distance and Elevation Formulae 417<br/>15.8 Movable Hair Method 420<br/>15.9 Tangential System of Measurement 422<br/>15.10 Subtense Bar 423<br/>15.11 Computations with Incomplete Intercepts 424<br/>15.12 Relative Merits of Holding the Staff Vertical or Normal<br/>15.13 Problems in Practical Application of Tangential Method<br/>15.14 Tacheometric Calculations and Reductions 43 7<br/>15.15 Errors in Tacheometric Surveying 442<br/>15.16 Uses of Tacheometry 442<br/>15.17 Miscellaneous Examples 443 Problems 452<br/>Reference 454<br/> 16.PLANE TABLE SURVEYING<br/>16.1 Introduction 455<br/>16.2 Equipments Required 455<br/>16.3 Working with Plane Table 459<br/>16.4 Different Methods of Plane Table Work 459<br/>16..4.1 Radiation 460<br/>16.4.2 Intersection 460<br/>16.4.3 Traversing 460<br/>16.4.4 Resection 461 Errors in Plane Table 464<br/>Advantages and Disadvantages of Plane Table Survey Analytical and Graphical Solutions 467<br/>Problems 475<br/>17.TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYING<br/>17.1 Introduction 478<br/>17.2 Control for Topographic Surveys 478<br/>17.3 Plotting of Contours 479<br/>17.4 Characteristics of Contour 480<br/>17.5 Methods of Locating Contours 481<br/>17.6 Field Methods of Obtaining Topography<br/>17.7 Sources of Errors in Topographical Surveys<br/>17.8 Inteipolation of Contours 483<br/>17.9 Uses of Contours 484<br/>Problems 487<br/>18. CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING<br/>18.1 Introduction 488<br/>18.2 Equipments for Setting out 488<br/>18.3 Horizontal and Vertical Control 488<br/>18.4 Setting out a Pipeline 489<br/>18.5 Setting out of Buildings and Structures<br/>18.6 Staking out a Highway 492<br/>19. UNDERGROUND SURVEYS<br/>19.1 Introduction 497<br/>19.2 Application of Underground Surveys 498<br/>19.2.1 Surface Survey 498<br/>19.2.2 Vertical Shafts 499<br/>19.2.3 Levels in Tunnels 499<br/>19.3 Aligning the Theodolite 500<br/>19.4 Determination of Azimuth by Gyroscope 501<br/>19.5 Weisbach Triangle 503<br/>19.6 Problems in Tunnel Survey 512<br/>19.7 Analytical Derivations of Underground Surveys 513 Problems 524<br/>20. COMPUTER PROGRAMS IN SURVEYING<br/>20.1 Introduction 525<br/>20.2 Explanation of the Programs 525<br/>Appendix 1 Additional Notes and Solution of Examination Problems Appendix 2 Objective Questions from AMIE Examinations Appendix 3 Objective Questions from IES Examinations Answers to Problems Bibliography Index<br/> |
| 600 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
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| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS | |
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| 890 ## - Country | |
| Country | India |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Source of classification or shelving scheme | Dewey Decimal Classification |
| Withdrawn status | Lost status | Source of classification or shelving scheme | Damaged status | Not for loan | Collection code | Withdrawn status | Home library | Current library | Date acquired | Source of acquisition | Cost, normal purchase price | Total Checkouts | Total Renewals | Full call number | Barcode | Date last seen | Date last borrowed | Cost, replacement price | Price effective from | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dewey Decimal Classification | Faculty of Technology | CEPT Library | CEPT Library | 19/10/2016 | Books India | 316.00 | 7 | 12 | 624.11 ROY | 016594 | 10/04/2019 | 22/03/2019 | 395.00 | 19/10/2016 | Book | |||||
| Dewey Decimal Classification | Faculty of Technology | CEPT Library | CEPT Library | 19/10/2016 | Books India | 316.00 | 9 | 3 | 624.11 ROY | 016592 | 10/04/2019 | 08/04/2019 | 395.00 | 19/10/2016 | Book | |||||
| Dewey Decimal Classification | Faculty of Technology | CEPT Library | CEPT Library | 19/10/2016 | Books India | 316.00 | 9 | 8 | 624.11 ROY | 016593 | 07/08/2023 | 26/07/2023 | 395.00 | 19/10/2016 | Book | |||||
| Dewey Decimal Classification | Faculty of Technology | CEPT Library | CEPT Library | 19/10/2016 | Books India | 316.00 | 8 | 4 | 624.11 ROY | 016591 | 13/04/2018 | 04/04/2018 | 395.00 | 19/10/2016 | Book | |||||
| Dewey Decimal Classification | Faculty of Technology | CEPT Library | CEPT Library | 19/10/2016 | Books India | 316.00 | 7 | 624.11 ROY | 016590 | 24/07/2023 | 24/07/2023 | 395.00 | 19/10/2016 | Book |