Funding public transport in urban areas : Bangalore, Mumbai, Ahmedabad (Also available on CD) (Soft copy is also available)
Ishita (PP0003517)
Funding public transport in urban areas : Bangalore, Mumbai, Ahmedabad (Also available on CD) (Soft copy is also available) - 2019 - xvii,99p.,CD-ROM
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Study Brief 2
1.2.1 Need for the Study 2
1.2.2 Research Question(s) 3
1.2.3 Aim 3
1.2.4 Objectives 3
1.2.5 Methodology 3
2 Literature Study 5
2.1 Urban Public Transport Financing 5
2.2 Types of Cost and Revenue systems 5
2.2.a Capital Costs 5
2.2.b Operating and Maintenance Expenditures 6
2.2.c Fare Box revenue 6
2.2.d Non-fare Box revenue 6
2.3 Funding mechanisms 6
2.4 Financing Models – Service management 7
2.4.1 Gross Cost Model 7
2.4.2 Net Cost Model 8
2.4.3 Viability Gap Funding – PPP Model 8
2.5 Alternative Funding Sources 8
2.6 Organizational Structure of Bus Systems in India 9
2.7 Budgeting 10
2.7.1 Budget for transport 10
2.8 Performance Evaluation of bus systems 10
2.8.1 Physical performance 10
2.8.2 Financial performance 12
2.9 Summary: International Case studies 13
3 Bus Transport system in Indian Cities 15
3.1 Selection Criteria for Cities 15
4 Case I- Bangalore 19
4.1 City Background 19
4.2 Key Actors in Public Transport 20
4.2.1 BMTC 20
4.2.2 KSRTC 20
4.2.3 BMRCL 21
4.3 Funding Sources 23
4.3.1 Capital Sources 23
4.3.2 Operational Sources 25
4.4 Expenditure 31
4.4.1 Capital Expenditure 31
4.4.2 Operational Expenditure 33
4.4.3 Revenue Realization 34
4.5 Physical Performance 36
4.5.1 Vehicle productivity (km/bus/day) 36
4.5.2 Average age of bus 36
4.5.3 Fuel Efficiency 37
4.5.4 Fleet Utilization 38
4.5.5 Staff-bus ratio 38
4.5.6 Inference 39
4.6 Opportunities & Challenges 40
4.6.1 Institutional Structure 40
4.6.2 Integration of Public Transport 40
4.7 Conclusion 41
5 CASE II-Mumbai 47
5.1 City Background 47
5.2 Key Actors 48
5.2.1 BEST 48
5.2.2 MCGM 48
5.2.3 MMRDA 49
5.3 Funding Sources 49
5.3.1 Capital Sources 49
5.3.2 Operational Sources 51
5.4 Expenditure 54
5.4.1 Capital Expenditure 54
5.4.2 Operational Expenditure 56
5.4.3 Revenue Realization 56
5.5 Physical Performance 57
5.5.1 Vehicle productivity (km/bus/day) 57
5.5.2 Average age of bus 58
5.5.3 Fuel Efficiency 59
5.5.4 Fleet Utilization 59
5.5.5 Staff-bus ratio 60
5.5.6 Inference 60
5.6 Conclusion 61
6 Case II – Ahmedabad 67
6.1 City Background 67
6.2 Key Actors 68
6.2.1 Government 68
6.2.2 Municipal Transport Authority (AMTS) 68
6.2.3 Operator- AJL, MEGA 69
6.3 Funding Sources 71
6.3.1 Capital Sources 71
6.3.2 Operational Sources 72
6.4 Expenditure 75
6.4.1 Capital Expenditure 75
6.4.2 Operational Expenditure 75
6.4.3 Revenue realization 76
6.5 Physical Performance 77
6.5.1 Vehicle productivity 77
6.5.2 Average age of bus 77
6.5.3 Fuel Efficiency 78
6.5.4 Fleet Utilization 79
6.5.5 Staff-bus ratio 79
6.5.6 Inference 80
6.6 Opportunities and Challenges 80
6.6.1 Governance 80
6.6.2 Public transport services 81
6.6.3 Use of Technology (EV) 81
6.7 Conclusion 82
7 Comparative Analysis 87
7.1 System Performance 87
7.1.1 Growth and Quality Improvements 87
7.1.2 Productivity 88
7.2 Revenue Sources and Performance 89
7.2.1 Fare-Box 92
7.2.2 Non-Fare Box 93
7.3 Cost Analysis 94
7.3.1 Capital Expenditure 94
7.3.2 Operational Expenditure 95
7.4 Issues and Challenges 95
7.5 Way forward 97
P TH-2382 / ISH
Funding public transport in urban areas : Bangalore, Mumbai, Ahmedabad (Also available on CD) (Soft copy is also available) - 2019 - xvii,99p.,CD-ROM
Contents
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Study Brief 2
1.2.1 Need for the Study 2
1.2.2 Research Question(s) 3
1.2.3 Aim 3
1.2.4 Objectives 3
1.2.5 Methodology 3
2 Literature Study 5
2.1 Urban Public Transport Financing 5
2.2 Types of Cost and Revenue systems 5
2.2.a Capital Costs 5
2.2.b Operating and Maintenance Expenditures 6
2.2.c Fare Box revenue 6
2.2.d Non-fare Box revenue 6
2.3 Funding mechanisms 6
2.4 Financing Models – Service management 7
2.4.1 Gross Cost Model 7
2.4.2 Net Cost Model 8
2.4.3 Viability Gap Funding – PPP Model 8
2.5 Alternative Funding Sources 8
2.6 Organizational Structure of Bus Systems in India 9
2.7 Budgeting 10
2.7.1 Budget for transport 10
2.8 Performance Evaluation of bus systems 10
2.8.1 Physical performance 10
2.8.2 Financial performance 12
2.9 Summary: International Case studies 13
3 Bus Transport system in Indian Cities 15
3.1 Selection Criteria for Cities 15
4 Case I- Bangalore 19
4.1 City Background 19
4.2 Key Actors in Public Transport 20
4.2.1 BMTC 20
4.2.2 KSRTC 20
4.2.3 BMRCL 21
4.3 Funding Sources 23
4.3.1 Capital Sources 23
4.3.2 Operational Sources 25
4.4 Expenditure 31
4.4.1 Capital Expenditure 31
4.4.2 Operational Expenditure 33
4.4.3 Revenue Realization 34
4.5 Physical Performance 36
4.5.1 Vehicle productivity (km/bus/day) 36
4.5.2 Average age of bus 36
4.5.3 Fuel Efficiency 37
4.5.4 Fleet Utilization 38
4.5.5 Staff-bus ratio 38
4.5.6 Inference 39
4.6 Opportunities & Challenges 40
4.6.1 Institutional Structure 40
4.6.2 Integration of Public Transport 40
4.7 Conclusion 41
5 CASE II-Mumbai 47
5.1 City Background 47
5.2 Key Actors 48
5.2.1 BEST 48
5.2.2 MCGM 48
5.2.3 MMRDA 49
5.3 Funding Sources 49
5.3.1 Capital Sources 49
5.3.2 Operational Sources 51
5.4 Expenditure 54
5.4.1 Capital Expenditure 54
5.4.2 Operational Expenditure 56
5.4.3 Revenue Realization 56
5.5 Physical Performance 57
5.5.1 Vehicle productivity (km/bus/day) 57
5.5.2 Average age of bus 58
5.5.3 Fuel Efficiency 59
5.5.4 Fleet Utilization 59
5.5.5 Staff-bus ratio 60
5.5.6 Inference 60
5.6 Conclusion 61
6 Case II – Ahmedabad 67
6.1 City Background 67
6.2 Key Actors 68
6.2.1 Government 68
6.2.2 Municipal Transport Authority (AMTS) 68
6.2.3 Operator- AJL, MEGA 69
6.3 Funding Sources 71
6.3.1 Capital Sources 71
6.3.2 Operational Sources 72
6.4 Expenditure 75
6.4.1 Capital Expenditure 75
6.4.2 Operational Expenditure 75
6.4.3 Revenue realization 76
6.5 Physical Performance 77
6.5.1 Vehicle productivity 77
6.5.2 Average age of bus 77
6.5.3 Fuel Efficiency 78
6.5.4 Fleet Utilization 79
6.5.5 Staff-bus ratio 79
6.5.6 Inference 80
6.6 Opportunities and Challenges 80
6.6.1 Governance 80
6.6.2 Public transport services 81
6.6.3 Use of Technology (EV) 81
6.7 Conclusion 82
7 Comparative Analysis 87
7.1 System Performance 87
7.1.1 Growth and Quality Improvements 87
7.1.2 Productivity 88
7.2 Revenue Sources and Performance 89
7.2.1 Fare-Box 92
7.2.2 Non-Fare Box 93
7.3 Cost Analysis 94
7.3.1 Capital Expenditure 94
7.3.2 Operational Expenditure 95
7.4 Issues and Challenges 95
7.5 Way forward 97
P TH-2382 / ISH