000			01176nam a2200169Ia 4500
020			_a0821379968
082			_a330 _bOVI
100			_aOviedo, Ana Maria & others
245			_aEconomic informality : causes, costs and policies - a literature survey
260			_aWashington D.C. _bWorld Bank _c2009
300			_avi,42,ip.
440			_aWorld Bank working paper _vNo. 167
500			_aCONTENTS Abstract v Acknowledgments vi 1. Introduction 1 2. What Is Informal Economic Activity? 3 Informal Activity in Developing and Developed Economies 3 Notes 7 3. Causes and Costs of Informal Activities 8 Causes : Cross-Country vs. Microdata Studies 8 Costs of Informality of the Firm 14 Aggregate Costs 16 Costs of Informal Employment 18 Are There Benefits of Informality?19 Notes 20 4. Polides to Reduce Informality 22 Increasing Tax Compliance23 Encouraging Business Creation and Growth 25 Strengthening Enforcement 27 Creating a More Inclusive Social Protection System 28 Building Trust and Collective Incentives30 Notes 31 5. Conduding Remarks 33 Appendix : Policy Table 35 References 39
890			_aUnited States
891			_aSP/IAPM
999			_c8959 _d8959