000			05224 a2200169 4500
020			_a9781138258266
082			_a307.3416 _bMUK
100			_aMukhija, Vinit
245			_aSquatters as developers? : slum redevelopment in Mumbai
260			_aNew York _bRoutledge _c2016
300			_axv,189p.
505			_aContents List of Figures ix List of Tables x Preface xi List of Abbreviations xiv Currency Exchange Rates xv 1 Introduction: A New Strategy in Mumbai 1 The Puzzles of Slum Redevelopment 1 Placing the Research in the Context of the Literature 5 Self-help and Enabling the Communities 5 Slum Upgrading Programs 7 Enabling the Markets 8 A Preview of the Arguments 11 The Logic of Redevelopment 11 Property Rights, Property Values and Property Attributes 12 The Paradox of Enabling 13 Study Methodology 14 The Dense Data Case Study Approach 14 A Single Case, Informed by Other Cases Data Sources 15 Fieldwork 16 Limitations of the Study 16 The Structure of the Book 16 2 The Evolution of the Slum Redevelopment Strategy 19 Introduction 19 The Mumbai Context 19 The Evolution of Mumbai's Redevelopment Strategy 26 Urban Politics 26 Property Values and Land Differentials 28 Regulating the Development Potential of Land 33 The Need for Regulation 34 3 Decentralized Conflict 37 Introduction 38 Literature Review 40 Dharavi Redevelopment Plan: Contested Intentions 43 Prime Minister's Grant Project (PMGP)43 Redevelopment Plan for Dharavi 44 SPARC's Census and Alternative Proposal 45 PMGP and SPARC: The Battle over Markandeya 47 Government's Response to SPARC's Plan 47 Compromise but Further Conflict 48 Conflicts over Project Finance 50 Local NGO, Global Connections 51 Conflicts between SPARC and the Private Contractor 52 The Informal Cross-subsidy Scheme 52 Reluctance to Mortgage Land 54 Irregularities in the Sale of Extra Units 54 Taking Advantage of the Development Potential of Land 54 More Policy Changes, More Profit 55 Uncivil Society: Distrust between SPARC and the Community 56 Suspicion of the Managing Committee 56 Ten Years for New Houses 59 The Bank-guarantee under Threat 60 Arbitration by the State 60 SPARC's New Role as a Developer 61 Reexamining NGOs in Housing Delivery 62 NGOs and Community Empowerment 63 NGOs: More Like the Market and the State 64 NGOs and Autonomy 64 Decentralization and Centralization in Housing Delivery 65 4 Demolition and Redevelopment 67 Introduction 68 Literature Review: Tenure Legalization 71 From Slum Clearance to Slum Upgrading 71 Slum Upgrading and Property Structures 72 Slum Upgrading and Property Values 73 The Physical Structure of Properties in Dharavi 74 Dharavi's Changing Geography 74 Slum Upgrading and Slum Redevelopment 75 Rajendra Prasad Nagar and the Markandeya Slum 78 Change in Property Rights and Property Attributes 80 Redevelopment into a Low-rise Courtyard Structure 80 State Suspicion of Future Encroachment 83 Adding More Floors 85 High Land Values and Medium-rise Living 90 Medium-rise Living as an Outcome of Redevelopment 90 Slum Redevelopment Projects in Mumbai 92 Slum Redevelopment and Tenure Legalization 96 Low-income Housing Myths 96 Property Rights, Property Attributes and Property Values 97 Demand-driven or Supply-driven Development 100 5 Financing Slum Redevelopment 103 Introduction 104 Literature Review: Markets and Partnerships 107 Markets and Low-income Housing 107 Public-Private Partnerships and Housing 108 State Finance for Redevelopment 108 Prime Minister's Grant: A Revolving Fund 108 Beneficiaries' Contributions and Housing Loans 110 Increase in Cost Estimates 111 Financial Prudence of State Agencies 112 Private Capital from the Non-profit and the For-profit Sectors 113 Bank-guarantee from an International NGO 113 Policy Changes to Attract Private Capital 117 Institutional Responses to the Scarcity of Finance 120 The Joint-venture at Markandeya 120 SPARC's Deal-making 121 State Initiative to Provide Development Finance 123 Private and Public Roles 124 The Problem of Development Finance 125 Partnerships and Innovation 126 6 Enabling Slum Redevelopment in Mumbai 129 The Mumbai Experience 129 An Analytical Framework for Upgrading 131 The Paradox of Enabling 132 Deregulation and New Regulations 132 Decentralization and Centralization 133 Privatization and Public Involvement 134 Demand-driven and Supply-driven Development Strategies 135 Enabling Housing Provision 135 Future Research 137 Evaluation of Slum Redevelopment Projects 137 Stakeholders and their Institutional Interests 139 Urban Collective Action 140 Squatters as Developers 140 Appendices Appendix 1 List of Interviewees 143 Appendix 2 Property Values in Mumbai 143 Appendix 3 Scion Shivaji Nagar CHS 146 Appendix 4 Markandeya CHS: Annexure II, SRD Application 149 Appendix 5 Cost Estimate of the Rajiv Indira CHS 151 Notes 153 Bibliography 171 Index 185
600			_983886
890			_aUSA
891			_aFP
942			_2ddc
999			_c67890 _d67890
650			_aBuildings _aUrban renewal -- India -- Mumbai. _aSlums -- India -- Mumbai. _aHousing policy -- India -- Mumbai -- Citizen participation. _aInclusionary housing programs -- India -- Mumbai. _aHousing policy -- Citizen participation. _aInclusionary housing programs. _aSlums. _aUrban renewal.