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082			_aP TH-0848 _bRAY
100			_aRaykar, Pratima
245		0	_aDefining relationship between urban heat islands and urban morphology : a case study Ahmedabad (Also available on CD)
260			_c2005
300			_aiii,96p.,xxiii,CD-ROM
505			_aCONTENTS Table of Contents 1 Abbreviations 5 List of Tables 6 List of Figures and sketches 7 List of Images 8 Executive Summary 9 Chapter 1 - Introduction 1.1 Background 13 1.1.1 CLIMATE CHANGE 13 1.1.2 CLIMATE CHANGE IN CITIES 13 1.2 Urban Heat Island 14 1.2.1 DEFINITION 14 1.2.2 HOW DO HEAT ISLANDS FORM? 14 1.2.3 WHEN DO HEAT ISLANDS FORM? 16 1.2.4 ARE HEAT ISLANDS AND GLOBAL WARMING RELATED? 16 1.3 Effects of UHI 16 1.3.1 GLOBAL IMPACTS 16 1.3.2 LOCAL IMPACTS 17 1.3.3 THE ENVIRONMENT 18 1.3.4 ENERGY USE 19 1.4 Summary 19 Chapter 2 - Rationale of Study 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Why Ahmedabad? 20 2.2.1 DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS 21 2.2.2 GEOGRAPHY 21 2.2.3 TOPOGRAPHY 21 2.2.4 CLIMATE 22 2.2.5 CURRENT SCENARIO 22 2.3 What is comfort? 23 2.4 Hypothesis 24 2.5 Aim 24 2.6 Objectives 24 2.7 Scope and Limitations 25 2.8 Methodology 25 Chapter 3 - Literature Review 3.1 Objectives of literature review 26 3.2 Basic concepts 26 3.2.1 DEFINITIONS 26 3.3 UHI studies with different methodologies 27 3.3.1 Remote Sensing data analysis 27 3.3.1.1 THERMAL REMOTE SENSING OF URBAN CLIMATES 28 3.3.1.2 STUDIES ON LAND ST OVER HETEROGENEOUS AREAS USING AVHRR 29 3.3.1.3 VISUALIZATION OF URBAN SURFACE TEMPERATURES DERIVED FROM RS DATA (TM) 30 3.3.2 UHI identification by field observations 31 3.3.2.1 MODELING OF THEMAXIMUM URBAN HEAT ISLAND 31 3.3.2.2 INVESTIGATING THE UHI EFFECT WITH COLLABORATIVE INQUIRY EFFECT 32 3.4 Comparison of methodologies 34 3.5 Research Framework 35 Chapter 4 - UHI Analysis Using Remote Sensing 4.1 Brief Introduction to NOAA AVHRR 37 4.2 Brief Introduction to LANDSAT TM and ETM 38 4.3 Comparison - Landsat Vs. AVHRR 39 4.4 Indian satellite images 39 4.5 Methodology for RS Data analysis 40 4.6 Data available / acquired 41 4.6.1 MERGED PRODUCT 42 4.7 Visual Bands 42 4.7.1 IMAGE CLASSIFICATION 42 4.7.2 LANDCOVER CHANGE 43 4.7.3 SPATIAL ANALYSIS 44 4.7.4 VEGETATION INDEX 45 4.8 Thermal band 46 4.8.1 SURFACE TEMPERATURE VALUES FROM RS DATA 47 4.8.2 VALIDATION 48 4.8.3 COMPARISON - SURFACE TEMPERATURES 49 4.8.4 VISUAL ANALYSIS - LANDCOVER CHANGE VS. SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHANGE 50 4.9 Cross-classification 52 4.9.1 CASE 1 SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND NDVI 52 4.9.2 CASE 2 SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND LANDCOVER 54 4.10 Landuse 55 4.11 Study Sites 56 4.11.1 STUDY SITES IDENTIFICATION 56 Chapter 5 - UHI Analysis Using Ground Data 5.1 Methodology for field work 59 5.2 Identification of sites 60 5.3 Site Study 60 5.4 Pre-field Work Study 60 5.4.1 Guidelines 60 5.4.1.A PERIOD 61 5.4.1.B FREQUENCY 61 5.4.1.C HEIGHT 61 5.4.1.D ZONE OF INFLUENCE 62 5.4.2 Monitoring stations 62 5.4.3 Calibration 62 5.5 Field Work 63 5.5.1 Temperature Recording 64 5.5.1.A LIMITATIONS 64 5.5.1.B OUTCOME 65 5.5.2 Urban Morphology 67 5.5.2.A WALLED CITY 68 5.5.2.B PRAHLAD NAGAR 69 5.5.2.C SABARMATI 69 5.5.2.D ISANPUR 70 5.5.2.E RANIP 71 5.5.2.F GUPTA NAGAR, VASNA 71 5.5.2.G PRITAM NAGAR, PALDI 72 5.5.2.H SUMMARY 73 Chapter 6 - Analysis 6.1 Intensity of UHI 74 6.1.1 EMISSIVITY 75 6.1.2 AVERAGE TEMPERATURES 75 6.1.3 ENERGY EMITTED 76 6.1.4 SUMMARY 76 6.1.5 CONCLUSION 77 6.2 UHI and Surfaces 77 6.2.1 ARITHMETICMEAN 77 6.2.2 CALCULATION FOR DT 78 6.2.3 SUMMARY 78 6.3 Correlation 79 6.3.1 CORRELATION EQUATIONS 80 6.3.2 SUMMARY 80 6.4 Multiple Regression Analysis 81 6.4.1 ASSUMPTIONS 81 6.4.2 OUTPUT 82 6.4.3 THE MULTIPLE REGRESSION EQUATION 82 6.4.4 VALIDATION 83 6.4.5 LIMITATIONS OF EQUATION 83 6.4.6 APPLICATION OF EQUATION 83 Chapter 7 - Proposals 7.1Landuse Percentage and dT 84 7.1.1 SUMMARY 84 7.2 Suggestions Study Sites 85 7.2.1 WALLED CITY 85 7.2.2 ISANPUR & RANIP 86 7.2.3 VASNA 87 7.2.4 PRAHLAD NAGAR 87 7.2.5 SUMMARY 88 7.3 T. P. Schemes 88 7.4 Physical Planning 91 7.4.1 OPTION 1 91 7.4.2 OPTION 2 92 7.5 Suggestions - Further Research 93 References 95
700			_aVyas, Anjana (Guide)
891			_a2003 Batch
891			_aFP-PG
999			_c50941 _d50941