| 000 | 08448 a2200169 4500 | ||
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| 020 | _a9781874672043 | ||
| 082 |
_a693.21 _bBUL |
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| 100 |
_aBull, J. W. Ed. _944635 |
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| 245 | _aComputational modelling of masonary, brickwork and blockwork structures | ||
| 260 |
_bSaxe-Coburg Publications _aStirling _c2001 |
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| 300 | _aix,326p. | ||
| 505 | _aCONTENTS Preface vii 1 Damage and Failure Models 1 E. Papa 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Heterogeneous models 2 1.3 Homogeneous models 3 1.4 An elastic-plastic damage model for masonry 5 1.4.1 Damage evolution law 8 1.4.2 Numerical analyses 10 1.5 A unilateral damage model based on a homogenisation procedure 13 1.5.1 The damage model for bricks and mortar 14 1.5.2 The homogenisation procedure 18 1.5.3 Numerical analyses 19 1.6 Conclusions 21 2 Formulation of Elastic-plastic Joint Elements and their Application to Practical Structures 27 T. Aoki 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 The Formulation of Elastic-plastic Joint Elements (Model I: Truss members breaking in tension) 28 2.2.1 Angle '0 and Stiffness of Esd and Esv 30 2.2.2 Yielding Condition for Plane Stress 32 2.2.3 Formulation of Elastic-plastic Joint Element for the Finite Element Method 37 2.3 An Analysis of Plane Concrete Under Combined Stress (Model II: Joint elements for thin layers of mortar) 38 2.4 Slippage under a Footing 40 2.4.1 Joint Elements for Soil (Model III: Mohr-Coulomb yielding condition) 40 2.4.2 Analysis of Slippage Occurs under a Footing 43 2.5 Conclusion 47 3 Earthquake and Vibration Effects 53 C.A. Syrmakezis and A.A. Sophocleous 3.1 Introduction 53 3.2 Masonry structures 55 3.3 Methods of analysis 57 3.4 Masonry computational models 58 3.5 Structural Simulation 59 3.6 Simulation of Actions 59 3.7 Simulation of Materials Characteristics 60 3.7.1 General 60 3.7.2 Modulus of elasticity - Poisson ratio 60 3.7.3 Shear Modulus 61 3.7.4 Compressive - Tensile Strength 61 3.7.5 Failure criterion 62 3.8 Applications 65 3.8.1 Description of the structures 66 3.8.2 Structural simulation of the structures 66 3.8.3 Simulation of actions 67 3.8.4 Material simulation 68 3.8.5 Analysis results 68 3.8.6 Failure analysis results 68 3.8.7 Repairing and/or strengthening decisions 71 3.8.8 Reanalysis 72 3.8.9 Final Failure Analysis . 75 3.9 Conclusions 75 4 The Dynamics of Masonry Bell Towers 79 A.R. Selby and J.M. Wilson 4.1 Introduction 79 4.2 Tower construction, bell frames and bells 81 4.3 Forces from a swinging bell 84 4.4 Measured Tower Response 89 4.5 Computational modelling 93 4.5.1 Timoshenko beam models 95 4.5.2 3-D finite element modelling 97 4.5.3 Durham Cathedral and Newcastle Cathedral 100 4.5.4 Summary of FE Analyses 102 4.6 Serviceability and ultimate limit conditions 103 4.6.1 Serviceability 103 4.6.2 Ultimate limits and factors of safety 105 4.7 Conclusions 106 4.8 Acknowledgements 106 5 Settlement Induced Damage to Masonry Buildings 109 C. Augarde 5.1 Introduction 110 5.2 Current procedures used to assess settlement damage due to tunnelling 110 5.2.1 Numerical models of the tunnelling settlement problem 111 5.2.2 Modelling masonry 112 5.3 A three-dimensional finite element model 113 5.3.1 Simulation of tunnelling 113 5.3.2 Modelling a building 114 5.3.3 Choice of masonry model 114 5.3.4 Hardware & software 115 5.4 An elastic no-tension material model for masonry 115 5.4.1 The basic formulation 115 5.4.2 Validation of the masonry formulation 117 5.4.3 Implementation and numerical stability 121 5.4.4 Post-processing masonry data 122 5.5 Two-dimensional studies of facades 123 5.5.1 Fac¸ade types analysed 123 5.5.2 Analysis procedure 123 5.5.3 Results for a plain facade 125 5.5.4 Results for a fac¸ade with openings 127 5.5.5 Discussion 128 5.6 The three-dimensional model of tunnelling 129 5.6.1 Example analyses of a simple building 129 5.6.2 Results 131 5.6.3 Modelling the effects of shaft construction on an 18th century stone clad church, Maddox Street, London. 134 5.6.4 Results 136 5.6.5 Discussion 139 5.7 Concluding remarks 140 5.8 Acknowledgements 140 6 Modelling and Behaviour of MasonryWalls in Fire 143 M. O'Gara 6.1 Introduction 143 6.2 Thermo-Structural Behaviour of Masonry Walls in Fire 145 6.2.1 Overview 145 6.2.2 Thermal Bowing 145 6.2.3 Masonry Material Properties 146 6.2.4 Wall Geometry 147 6.2.5 Boundary Conditions 147 6.2.6 Applied loading 148 6.2.7 Moisture effects and material spalling 150 6.3 Mechanical Material Properties at Elevated Temperature 150 6.3.1 Overview 150 6.3.2 Concrete material properties 151 6.3.3 Elevated temperature clay and calcium silicate material behaviour 157 6.4 Mathematical Modelling of an Elevated Temperature Masonry Material 157 6.4.1 Elevated temperature concrete material model 158 6.4.2 Elevated temperature clay material model 161 6.5 Description of the Numerical Model 162 6.5.1 Justification of Numerical Strategy 162 6.5.2 The Finite Element Model Developed 163 6.5.3 Validation of the material model and its implementation 166 6.6 Numerical Examples and Comparison with Experimental Results 166 6.6.1 Experimental Investigation 166 6.6.2 Analysis of Experimental Results 168 6.6.3 Discussion of Results 169 6.7 Concluding remarks 175 7 Discontinuous Deformation Analysis of Masonry Bridges 177 N. Bicanic, D. Ponniah and J. Robinson 7.1 Introduction 177 7.2 Computational Frameworks for Masonry 179 7.3 Discontinuous Deformation Analysis, DDA 181 7.4 Couplet/Heyman Benchmark Problem 184 7.5 Edinburgh Arch and Influence of Backfill 188 7.6 Conclusions 193 8 Modelling Masonry Arch Bridges 197 C. Melbourne and M. Gilbert 8.1 Introduction 197 8.2 The influence of masonry materials 198 8.3 Development of modelling strategies for masonry arch bridges 201 8.4 The 'mechanism' method of analysis: a linear programming formulation204 8.4.1 Basic method204 8.4.2 Removing 'no-sliding' assumption 208 8.4.3 Including crushing of the masonry in the analysis 209 8.4.4 Multi-span arches. 211 8.4.5 Multi-ring arches 211 8.4.6 Masonry in the spandrel zone 212 8.4.7 Soil-structure interaction213 8.5 The use of elastic methods of analysis for masonry arch bridges . . . 213 8.5.1 Modelling cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 8.5.2 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 8.6 Conclusions 215 8.A Derivation of the transformation matrices for rigid block analysis . . . 216 9 Numerical Analysis of Old Masonry Buildings 221 F. Genna and P. Ronca 9.1 Introduction 221 9.2 Issues in the numerical modelling of old masonry 224 9.2.1 Geometry of the numerical model 224 9.2.2 Discrete numerical model 224 9.2.3 Loading and boundary conditions 225 9.2.4 Choice of formulation and finite elements 225 9.2.5 Choice of the constitutive model 226 9.2.6 Choice of the material parameters 229 9.2.7 Other issues 230 9.3 Analysis of masonry walls 231 9.3.1 A wall of the San Faustino cloister in Brescia, Italy 231 9.3.2 A wall of the church "Chiesa della Disciplina" in Verolanuova, Italy 242 9.4 Analysis of arches and vaults 251 9.4.1 Influence of structural details on the computational model . . 252 9.4.2 The computational models of the vault structural details . . . 252 9.4.3 Elastic analysis of a cloister vault with frescoes of the XVIII century 256 9.4.4 Limit analysis of vaulted masonry structures subjected to both vertical and horizontal actions 258 9.4.5 Limit analysis of a supporting arch of the Basilica Superiore of Assisi, Italy 262 9.5 Conclusion 266 10 Historic Masonry Structures 273 E.A.W. Maunder and W.J. Harvey 10.1 Introduction 273 10.2 Structural Philosophy 275 10.3 Computational Techniques 276 10.3.1 A Review 277 10.3.2 Thrust lines in skeletal forms 278 10.3.3 Thrust lines in continuous forms 284 10.4 Case studies of historical masonry structures 292 10.4.1 Bridgemill Bridge 292 10.4.2 Horrabridge 293 10.4.3 Exeter Cathedral 298 10.4.4 Wells Cathedral 305 10.5 Closure . . 307 Index 312 Author Biographies 319 | ||
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