000			07201 a2200181 4500
082			_a624.11 _bRAN
100			_aRangwala, S. C. _944443
245			_aSurveying and levelling
250			_aRev. Ed.2
260			_bCharotar Publishing House _c1985 _aAnand
300			_axiii,645p.
505			_aCONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION General — Object of survey — Purposes of survey — Uses of survey — Classification of surveys — Principles of surveying — Measurements and their units — Surveyor — Accuracy in surveying—Questions 1-13 CHAPTER II SCALES General — Requirements of a scale — Classification of scales — Scales for survey maps and plans — Correction due to use of wrong scale — Questions 14-34 CHAPTER III LINEAR MEASUREMENTS OF DISTANCES General — Direct methods of linear measurements — Types of chains — Testing and adjusting of chain — Instruments for marking stations — Ranging — Chaining on plain ground—Points to be observed during chaining— Chaining on sloping ground — Errors in chaining — Degree of accuracy in chaining work -— Types of tapes — Tape corrections — Questions 35-77 CHAPTER IV CROSS-STAFF SURVEY Purpose — Basic principle — Instruments for setting out perpendiculars — Cross-staff survey — Obstacles in chaining — Questions 78-105 CHAPTER V CHAIN SURVEYING General — Principle of chain survey — Survey stations — Survey lines — Offsets — Entering measurements in a field book — Instruments required in chain survey — Procedure for carrying out chain survey — Plotting work — Questions 106-129 CHAPTER VI COMPUTATION OF AREAS General — Methods for computation of areas — Zero circle — Questions 130-155 CHAPTER VII COMPASS SURVEY General — Methods of measuring direction — Magnetic needle — Pivot — Compass — Tripods -— Bearings — Included angles from bearings — Local attraction — Chain and compass survey — Plotting of compass survey — Closing error — Errors in compass survey — Precautions in using the compass — Limits of precision—Questions 156-193 CHAPTER VIII PLANE TABLE SURVEY General — Instruments required for plane table survey — Accessories required for plane table survey — Temporary adjustments of plane table — Methods of plane table survey — Two-point and three-point problems —Errors in plane table survey — Advantages of plane table survey — Disadvantages of plane table survey — Questions 194-212 CHAPTER IX LEVELLING General — Definitions of some common terms in levelling Instruments for levelling — Essential parts of a level — Parallax and focussing — Defects of a single lens — Parts of a telescope —- Optical characteristics of telescope — Accessories to a level — Types of levels — Levelling staff—Bench marks — Temporary adjustments of level Principles of levelling — Methods of levelling — Enter¬ing the staff readings — Reduction of levels — Difficulties levelling—Precision of levelling—Questions 213-270 CHAPTER X CONTOURING General — Contour interval — Characteristics of contours —Location of contours — Interpolation of contours — Contour drawing — Contour gradient — Uses of contours — Questions 271-291 CHAPTER XI MINOR INSTRUMENTS General — Abney level — Box sextant —Ceylon ghat tracer—De Lisle's clinometer —Eidograph — Foot-rule clinometer — Hand level — Indian pattern clinometer — Pantagraph — Proportional compass — Watkin's mirror clinometer—Questions 292-313 CHAPTER XII COMPUTATION OF VOLUMES General — Methods for computation of volumes — Prismoidal correction —Curvature correction for volumes — Questions 314-357 CHAPTER XIII THEODOLITE General — Essential parts of a transit theodolite —Defi¬nitions and terms used for theodolite work — Temporary adjustments of theodolite — Measurement of horizontal angles — Measurement of vertical angles — Miscellaneous operations with theodolite — Theodolite traverse — Locat¬ing details in theodolite traverse — Degree of accuracy in theodolite traversing — Plotting of theodolite traverse — Closing error — Angular error — Adjustment of bearings —Balancing the traverse — Traverse table — Errors in theodolite work — Modern theodolites — Fundamental lines and desired relations — Permanent adjustments of theodolite—Uses of theodolite — Questions 358-415 CHAPTER XIV PERMANENT ADJUSTMENTS OF LEVELS General — Fundamental axes of the levelling instruments Principle of reversibility — Adjustments of dumpy level Adjustments of Y-level — Adjustments of Cooke's reversible level—Adjustments of Gushing's level — Adjustment of tilting level — Questions 416-432 CHAPTER XV TACHEOMETRIC SURVEYING General — Instruments — Systems of tacheometric measurements — Stadia method — Subtense method — Tangential method — Questions 433-487 CHAPTER XVI CIRCULAR CURVES General — Classification of circular curves — Simple curves — Compound curves — Reverse or serpentine curves — Questions 488-535 CHAPTER XVII TRANSITION CURVES General — Requirements of transition curve — Composite curve — Super-elevation — Centrifugal ratio — Length of transition curve — Ideal transition curve — Cartesian co¬ordinates — Calculation of deflection angles —- Characteri¬stics of a transition curve — Cubic spiral — Questions 536-554 CHAPTER XVIII VERTICAL CURVES General — Grade — Types of vertical curves — Equation of vertical curve — Length of vertical curve — Setting out vertical curves — Questions 555-566 CHAPTER XIX FIELD ASTRONOMY General — Some astronomical terms — Terrestrial latitude anu longitude—Parallel of ladtude—-Nautical mile— Spherical trigonometry — Spherical triang le — Proper¬ties of a spherical triangle — Astronomical triangle — Star at elongation — Star at culmination — Circumpolar stars Time — Questions 567-598 CHAPTER XX THEORY OF ERRORS General — Types of errors — Some definitions — Laws of accidental errors — Probability curve — Most probable value — Average error — Mean square error — Method of least squares — Laws of weights — Rules for giving weights to the field observations — Distribution of error to the field observations — Questions 599-613 CHAPTER XXI SETTING OUT WORKS General — Setting out bridges — Setting out buildings Setting out culverts — Setting out dams — Setting out tunnels — Questions 614-619 CHAPTER XXII HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING General — Requirements of hydrographic survey — Shore line survey — Soundings — Location of soundings — Tides — Tide gauges — Questions 620-631 CHAPTER XXIII PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEYING General — Classification of photogrammetry — Applica¬tion of photogrammetry — Questions 632-637 CHAPTER XXIV ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS General — Instruments — Questions 638-639 INDEX 640-645
600			_941335
700			_aRangwala, P. S. _942355
890			_aIndia
891			_aGRATIS _aFA
942			_2ddc
999			_c41307 _d41307