000			13818nam a2200169Ia 4500
999			_c36390 _d36390
020			_a0471632651
082			_a388.4 _bVUC
100			_aVuchic, Vukan R. _937601
245			_aUrban transit : operations, planning and economics
260			_aHoboken, New Jersey _bJohn willey & Sons, Inc., _c2005
300			_axvii,644p.
500			_aC O N T E N T S Preface Acknowledgment Part 1 TRANSIT OPERATIONS AND NETWORKS Chapter 1 TRANSIT OPERATIONS AND SERVICE SCHEDULING 1.1 Basic operating elements 1.1.1 Line, network, stop and station 1.1.2 Vehicles, transit units and fleet size 1.1.3 Usage of service: passenger flow and volume 1.1.4 Operating elements: headway and frequency 1.1.5 Capacity, work and utilization 1.1.6 Travel times 1.1.7 Speeds 1.2 Information files and data collection: surveys and counts 1.2.1 Organization of surveys 1.2.2 Transit speed-and-delay survey 1.2.3 Passenger volume and load count 1.2.4 Passenger boarding and alighting counts 1.2.5 Other types of surveys 1.3 Transit travel characteristics 1.3.1 Factors influencing transit travel 1.3.2 Spatial distribution of transit travel 1.3.3 Temporal variations of transit travel 1.3.4 Passenger volume analysis and service capacity determination 1.3.5 Characteristics of travel on a transit line 1.3.6 Indicators of transit usage 1.4 Scheduling of service 1.4.1 Components of the scheduling process 1.4.2 Determination of service requirements 1.4.3 Scheduling procedure 1.4.4 Procedure summary, examples and numerical schedules 1.4.5 Graphical presentations of transit operations 1.4.6 Crew scheduling or run-cutting 1.4.7 Use of computers in scheduling 1.4.8 Measures of operating efficiency Chapter 2 CAPACITY, SPEED, ACCELERATED AND SPECIAL OPERATIONS 2.1 Transit line capacity 2.1.1 Elements of line capacity 2.1.2 Capacity computations 2.1.3 Systems approach to transit line capacity 2.1.4 Capacities of different modes 2.2 Increase of transit speed 2.2.1 Desirability of speed increase 2.2.2 Possible measures for speed increase 2.2.3 Sensitivity of transit speeds to elements of cycle time 2.2.4 Evaluations of measures for speed increase 2.3 Stops and stopping regimes 2.3.1 Definitions and relationships 2.3.2 Stopping regimes and stops 2.3.3 Practical values of stop spacings 2.4 Accelerated rail transit operations with fixed stopping schedules 2.4.1 Skip-stop operation 2.4.2 Zonal operation 2.4.3 Express/local operation 2.4.4 Comparison of all-stop, skip-stop, zonal and express/local operations 2.4.5 Methodology for selection of accelerated operations 2.5 Scheduling of single-track lines, circle lines and trunk lines with branches 2.5.1 Single-track lines 2.5.2 Circle lines 2.5.3 Trunk lines with branches Chapter 3 MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION IN TRANSIT SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 3.1 Application of systems analysis in transit 3.1.1 Introduction of methodology 3.1.2 Classification of applications 3.2 Conceptual models 3.2.1 The conceptual modeling methodology 3.2.2 Representative applications of conceptual models 3.3 Mathematical modeling procedure and applications 3.3.1 The mathematical modeling procedure 3.3.2 Models for optimization of rolling stock 3.3.3 Models for analysis of operations 3.4 Applications of simulation methodology 3.5 Evaluation of systems analysis and operations research in transit Chapter 4 TRANSIT LINES AND NETWORKS 4.1 Planning objectives, principles and considerations 4.1.1 Passenger attraction 4.1.2 Network operating efficiency 4.1.3 Network - city interactions 4.2 Geometry of transit lines 4.2.1 Spacing of parallel lines 4.2.2 Line lengths 4.2.3 Line alignments 4.2.4 Independent vs. integrated lines 4.3 Types of transit lines and their characteristics 4.3.1 Radial and diametrical lines 4.3.2 Tangential, circumferential, circle and loop lines 4.3.3 Trunk lines with branches and feeders 4.3.4 Rights-of-way in special alignments 4.4 Transfers in transit networks 4.4.1 Classification of transfers by headway length 4.4.2 Classification of transfers by type of line 4.4.3 Metro station layouts and schedules for simultaneous transfers 4.4.4 The importance of transfers 4.5 Timed transfer system networks 4.5.1 Timed transfer system scheduling 4.5.2 Multifocal networks 4.5.3 Graphical presentation of synchronized schedules 4.6 Transit network types and their characteristics 4.6.1 Networks of modes with different right-of-way categories 4.6.2 Rail transit network types and their characteristics 4.6.3 Review of transit network types 4.7 Analysis of metro network geometric forms 4.7.1 Classification of metro network measures and indicators 4.7.2 Network size and form 4.7.3 Network topology 4.7.4 Application to network analysis 4.7.5 Relationship of metro network to the city 4.7.6 Measures of offered and utilized service 4.7.7 Selection of evaluation items for specific analyses Chapter 5 PLANNING OF RAIL TRANSIT STATION LOCATIONS 5.1 Objectives in station location planning 5.2 Passenger travel time 5.2.1 Two trade-offs 5.2.2 The model 5.2.3 Case a: uniform passenger distribution 5.2.4 Case b: uniform cumulative boarding 5.2.5 Case c: variable cumulative boarding 5.2.6 Case d: variable boarding and alighting 5.2.7 Application of theoretical analysis to rapid transit station planning 5.3 Other objectives in station locations selection 5.3.1 Area coverage 5.3.2 Attraction of passengers 5.3.3 Cost of stations 5.3.4 Auto-transit interface 5.3.5 Local objectives and requirements 5.4 Integration of objectives 5.5 Addition or closing of a station 5.6 Area coverage versus operating speed 5.6.1 Conventional approaches to planning of stations 5.6.2 Use of skip-stop services to improve area coverage 5.7 Station spacings on actual rail transit networks Part 2 TRANSIT AGENCY ECONOMICS AND ORGANIZATION Chapter 6 TRANSIT AGENCY OPERATIONS, ECONOMICS AND MARKETING 6.1 Organizational Structure of Transit Agencies 6.1.1 Board of directors 6.1.2 Organizational setup 6.2 Management and Personnel 6.2.1 Management organization 6.2.2 Personnel and labor unions 6.3 Transit System Statistics, Performance and Economic Measures 6.3.1 Transit service area and its characteristics 6.3.2 Transit system and services 6.3.3 Transit usage, work and productivity 6.3.4 Revenues, costs and operating ratio 6.3.5 Indicators of efficiency, utilization and consumption 6.4 Transit Agency Operations 6.4.1 Attitudes toward transit users 6.4.2 Organization and control of operations 6.4.3 Applications of ITS/Telematics technology 6.4.4 Rail rolling stock/bus fleet maintenance and replacement 6.4.5 Safety, legal suits and security 6.5 Transit System Full Accessibility 6.5.1 The problem of mobility and its solutions 6.5.2 Accessibility of different transit modes 6.5.3 Accessibility for different user categories 6.5.4 Results and significance of full accessibility 6.6 Information System for Passengers 6.6.1 Planning a transit information system 6.6.2 Classification of present and potential users 6.6.3 Information items, their contents and forms 6.6.4 Locations of information 6.6.5 Common causes for deficiencies in information systems 6.6.6 Planning, testing and maintenance of the information system 6.7 Marketing and Public Relations 6.7.1 Definition and purpose 6.7.2 Marketing strategies 6.7.3 Marketing activities 6.7.4 Public relations 6.7.5 Conclusions Chapter 7 TRANSIT FARES 7.1 Objectives in transit fare determination 7.2 Fare collection 7.2.1 Times, locations and methods of fare collection and control 7.2.2 Forms of payment 7.2.3 Self-service fare collection - SSFC 7.2.4 Automated fare collection - AFC 7.2.5 Evaluation of fare collection systems 7.3 Fare structures 7.3.1 Flat fare 7.3.2 Graduated fares 7.3.3 Comparison of the three fare structures 7.3.4 Transfer fares 7.4 Special higher and lower fares 7.4.1 Fares for high-quality services 7.4.2 Peak/off-peak and commuter fares 7.4.3 Child, family and student fares 7.4.4 Fares for senior citizens, disabled and low-income persons 7.4.5 Night, group, family and other special fares 7.4.6 Use of special fares 7.5 Fare level 7.5.1 Influencing factors 7.5.2 The range and domains of fare level 7.5.3 Fare elasticity of transit demand 7.5.4 Characteristics of different domains 7.5.5 Selection of fare level Chapter 8 FINANCING OF TRANSIT 8.1 Principles and Trends in Financing Transit Services 8.1.1 Government participation in transportation financing 8.1.2 Funding of different transportation modes in the U.S. 8.1.3 Principles in allocating transportation funds 8.1.4 Sources of funds for public services 8.1.5 Relationship of transit fare levels and public financing 8.1.6 Roles of different government levels 8.1.7 Summary review of public policies in transit financing 8.2 Sources of Local and State Funds for Transit 8.2.1 Taxes dedicated to transit 8.2.2 Characteristics of different types of taxes 8.2.3 Transit organizations with taxation powers 8.2.4 Structure of local-state-federal funding 8.3 Federal Funding of Transit 8.3.1 Development of the federal role in transit 8.3.2 Trends in federal funding 8.3.3Criteria for capital fund allocation 8.4 Improving efficiency of transit agencies 8.4.1 Requirements for efficiency 8.4.2 International efforts to increase transit efficiency Chapter 9 TRANSIT OWNERSHIP, REGULATION AND ORGANIZATION 9.1 Private transit companies and public takeover 9.1.1 Transit origins and the needs for government control 9.1.2 The problems with private companies 9.1.3 Public takeover of transit companies 9.2 Ownership and forms of transit systems 9.2.1 Private transit companies 9.2.2 City area public transit agencies 9.2.3 Regional transit agencies 9.3 Integration of transit provided by different operators 9.3.1 Limited functional integration 9.3.2 Full functional integration: Transit federation 9.4 Regulation of transit services 9.4.1 Purposes of regulation and its categories by subject 9.4.2 The role and importance of transit regulation 9.5 Unregulated transit services 9.5.1 Unregulated paratransit in developing countries 9.5.2 Deregulation experiments in developed countries 9.5.3 Transit deregulation in other countries 9.6 Evolving forms of transit ownership, organization and management 9.6.1 Organizational problems and their causes 9.6.2 Reevaluation of transit agency structures 9.6.3 Privatization and other forms of transit reorganization Part 3 TRANSIT SYSTEMS PLANNING AND MODE SELECTION Chapter 10 TRANSIT SYSTEMS PLANNING 10.1 Purpose and organization of transit planning 10.1.1 Short- and long-range transit planning 10.1.2 Need for comprehensive planning 10.1.3 Legal and administrative aspects 10.1.4 The initial set of comprehensive transportation plans 10.1.5 Evolution and trends in urban transportation planning 10.2 Planning procedure and methodology 10.2.1 The basic steps in a transportation planning process 10.2.2 Transit system planning procedure 10.2.3 Setting goals, policies, objectives and standards 10.2.4 Data collection and evaluation of the present system 10.3 Travel and transit demand forecasting 10.3.1 Introduction to four-step and other demand forecasting models 10.3.2 Trip generation 10.3.3 Trip distribution 10.3.4 Modal split 10.3.5 Trip assignment 10.3.6 Alternative methods to four-step model 10.4 Transit plan development, evaluation and selection 10.4.1 Planning procedure 10.4.2 Examples of long-range transit planning 10.5 Review of the process and trends in transit planning 10.5.1 Planning process and its components 10.5.2 Trends in transit planning Chapter 11 ANALYSIS, EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF TRANSIT MODES 11.1 Evaluation and selection of public projects 11.2 Transit mode evaluations 11.2.1 Classification and review of mode comparison studies 11.2.2 The basic principles and methodology for transit mode evaluation 11.3 Definition of the conditions set 11.3.1 Passenger requirements 11.3.2 Transit operator's requirements 11.3.3 Community requirements 11.3.4 Selection of requirements 11.4 Formulation, comparison and selection of candidate modes 11.4.1 Formulation of alternative modes or systems 11.4.2 Mode evaluation and selection 11.4.3 Summary of mode selection procedure 11.4.4 An example of the mode comparison procedure: Lindenwold Rail Line and Shirley Busway Chapter 12 PLANNING AND SELECTION OF MEDIUM AND HIGH PERFORMANCE TRANSIT MODES 12.1 Basic elements of transit modes 12.1.1 Right-of-way categories and their significance 12.1.2 Transit system technology 12.1.3 Type of network and service 12.1.4 Interdependence of ROW and systems technology 12.1.5 Review of technological and operational features 12.2 Medium performance transit modes 12.2.1 Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) 12.2.2 Light Rail Transit (LRT) 12.2.3 Automated Guided Transit (AGT) 12.2.4 Comparisons of medium performance modes 12.3 High performance transit modes 12.3.1 Light rail rapid transit modes (LRRT) 12.3.2 Rail Rapid Transit (Metro) 12.3.3 Rubber Tired Rapid Transit (RTRT) 12.3.4 Monorails 12.3.5 Review of guided modes and their automation 12.3.6 Regional transit modes 12.3.7 Trends in regional rail transit development Appendix I SI and English units and conversion factors Appendix II List of Abbreviations Appendix III Definitions of transit systems terms Appendix IV Answers to selected exercise questions Index
600			_982669
856			_uhttps://b-ok.asia/book/5408194/19e4bb _yClick here to get copy of this book from an OPEN SOURCE Link
890			_aIndia
942			_2ddc
650			_aCommodity control _aTransportation--Planning _aLocal transit _aUrban transportation _aTechnology