| 000 | 06004nam a2200157Ia 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 020 | _a8190454692 | ||
| 082 |
_a363.7 _bTIW |
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| 100 | _aTiwari, B. D. | ||
| 245 | _aPollution control and management | ||
| 260 |
_aDelhi _bSwastik Pubs. & Dist. _c2007 |
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| 300 | _avi,289p. | ||
| 500 | _aCONTENTS 1 The Nature and Organisation of Matter 1-33 1.1 Atoms and elements 1 1.2 Ions and ionic compounds 5 1.2.1 The Structure and Properties of Ionic Compounds 7 1.3 Molecules and covatbnt compounds 8 1.3.1 Dative Bonds 9 1.3.2 Polar Molecules 12 1.3.3 Molecular Ions 13 1.3.4 Bonds Within and Between Molecules 13 1.4 Valency and the Periodic Table of the elements 16 1.5 Oxidation states 18 1.6 Compounds, mixtures, chemical species and chemical reactions 20 1.6.1 Chemical Formulae and Chemical Equations 21 1.6.2 Environmentally Important Chemical Reactions 22 1.7 The atomic nucleus and nuclear reactions 29 1.7.1 Nuclear Binding Energy and Nuclear Stability 29 1.7.2 Nuclear Radiation 31 1.7.3 The contrast between nuclear reactions and chemical reactions 32 2 Air Pollution 34-68 2.1 Natural Sources of Air Pollution 35 2.2 Human-Caused Air Pollution 35 2.2.1 Primary and Secondary Pollutants 36 2.2.2 Conventional or Criteria Pollutants 36 2.2.3 Unconventional Pollutants 42 2.2.4 Indoor Air Pollution 42 2.3 Climate, Topography, and Atmospheric Processes 44 2.3.1 Inversions 44 2.3.2 Dust Domes and Heat Islands 45 2.3.3 Long-Range Transport 45 2.3.4 Stratospheric Ozone 46 2.4 Effects of AirPottution 48 2.4.1 Human Health 48 2.4.2 Plant Pathology 50 2.4.3 Acid Deposition 52 2.5 Air Pollution Control 56 2.5.1 Moving Pollution to Remote Areas 56 2.5.2 Particulate Removal 57 2.5.3 Sulfur Removal 57 2.5.4 Nitrogen Oxide Control 59 2.5.5 Hydrocarbon Controls 60 2.6 Clean Air Legislation 61 2.7 Current Conditions and Future Prospects 65 3 Water Use and Management 69-94 3.1 Water Resources 69 3.1.1 The Hydrologic Cycle 70 3.1.2 Rainfall and Topography 72 3.1.3 Desert Betts 72 3.1.4 Balancing the Water Budget 73 3.2 Major Water Compartments 74 3.2.1 Oceans 74 3.2.2 Glaciers, Ice, and Snow 76 3.2.3 Groundwater 76 3.2.3 Rivers and Streams 77 3.2.4 Lakes and Ponds 78 3.2.5 Wetlands 78 3.2.6 The Atmosphere 79 3.3 Water Availability and Use 79 3.3.1 Water Supplies 79 3.3.2 Drought Cycles 80 3.3.3 Types of Water Use 80 3.3.4 Quantities of Water Used 81 3.3.5 Use by Sector 82 3.4 Freshwater Shortages 84 3.4.1 A Scarce Resource 84 3.4.2 Depleting Groundwater 85 3.5 Increasing Water Supplies 87 3.5.1 Seeding Clouds and Towing Icebergs 87 3.5.2 Desalination 87 3.5.3 Dams, Reservoirs, Canals, and Aqueducts 88 3.5.4 Environmental Costs 89 3.6 Water Management and Conservation 91 3.6.1 Watershed Management 91 3.6.2 Domestic Conservation 91 3.6.3 Industrial and Agricultural Conservation 93 3.6.4 Price Mechanisms 93 4 Water Pollution 95-127 4.1 Types and Effects of Water Pollution 96 4.1.1 Infectious Agents 96 4.1.2 Oxygen-Demanding Wastes 98 4.1.3 Plant Nutrients and Cultural Eutrophication 100 4.1.4 Toxic Inorganic Materials 101 4.1.5 Organic Chemicals 104 4.1.6 Sediment 104 4.1.7 Thermal Pollution and Thermal Shocks 105 4.2 Water Quality Today 106 4.2.1 Surface Waters in the United States and Canada 106 4.2.2 Surface Waters in Other Countries 109 4.2.3 Groundwater and Drinking Water Supplies 111 4.2.4 Ocean Pollution 114 4.3 Water Pottution Control 116 4.3.1 Source Reduction 116 4.3.2 Nonpoint Sources and Land Management 117 4.3.3 Human Waste Disposal 119 4.4 Water Legislation 122 4.4.1 The Clean Water Act 123 4.4.2 Clean Water Act Reauthorization 125 4.13 Other Important Water Legislation 126 5 Pests and Pest Control 128-171 5.1 The Rise (and Fall?) of Chemical Pesticides 130 5.1.1 First-generation Pesticides (Inorganic Chemicals) 130 5.1.2 Second-generation Pesticides (Synthetic Organic Chemicals) 132 5.2 Natural Control 145 5.1.1 Biological Control 147 5.1.2 Genetic Control 152 5.1.3 Cultural Control 155 5.1.4 Natural Chemicals; Pheromones and Hormones 60 5.1.5 Economic Control Vs. Overcontrol 161 5.1.6 Integrated Pest Management 162 5.2 Escape from the Pesticide Dilemma 163 5.2.1 Human Attitudes and Economic Forces that Hold us on the Pesticide Treadmill 164 5.2.2 Recommendations for Breaking Away from the Pesticide Treadmill 167 6 Industrial Wastes 172-221 6.1 Attitudes, Assumptions, and Pollution Problems 172 6.1.1 Why Do Humans Polluted? 172 6.1.2 Assumptions Underlying the Casual Attitude Twoard Pollution 173 6.1.3 Limits of Assumption 175 6.2 Assumptions Applied to Pollution Problems 176 6.2.1 Air Pollution 176 6.2.2 Water Pollution 199 6.2.3 Solid Wastes and Accidents 207 6.3 Coping With Pollution 211 6.3.1 Recognizing Threats of Pollution 211 6.3.2 Methods of Control 212 6.3.3 Implementing Controls 215 6.3.4 Pollution and Lifestyle 220 7 Domestic Wastes 222-269 7.1 Treatment and Disposal of Sewage Wastes 222 7.1.1 Historical Perspective 222 7.1.2 Sewage Water-Its Treatment and Disposal 225 7.1.3 Eutrophication: A Problem of Nutrient-Rich Water 241 7.1.4 Controlling Eutrophication 245 7.1.5 Controlling Inputs Vs. Treatment 252 7.1.6 Cleaning Up 254 7.2 Disposal and Recycling of Solid Wastes 255 7.2.1 What is Solid Waste? 255 7.2.2 Means of Disposal: Past, Present and Future 257 7.2.3 Problem of Recycling 260 7.2.4 Converting Municipal Solid Waste to Energy 264 7.2.5 Reducing Waste Volume 266 8 Waste Management 270 8.1 Wastes From Fossil Fuel Combustion 270 8.1.1 Sulfur Dioxide 270 8.1.2 NOx, Carbon Monoxide and Unburnt Hydrocarbons 272 8.1.3 Particulates 274 8.1.4 Residua) solids 275 8.1.5 Carbon Dioxide 275 8.2 Low-hazard Solid Wastes 276 8.3 Low-hazard Waste Waters (Sewage) 279 8.4 High-hazard Wastes 282 8.4.1 Treatment and Disposal 283 8.4.2 International Trade in High-hazard Wastes . 287 8.5 Waste Minimisation, Cleaner Production and Integrated Waste Management 287 | ||
| 890 | _aIndia | ||
| 891 | _aSP Research Lib. Corp. Fund | ||
| 999 |
_c25989 _d25989 |
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