000			04052nam a2200157Ia 4500
020			_a0071624635
082			_a628.3 _bPAR
100			_aParten, S. M.
245			_aPlanning and installing sustainable onsite wastewater systems
260			_aNew York _bMcGraw Hill International Book Co. _c2010
300			_axix,412p.
500			_aCONTENTS Forewords xi Preface xv Acknowledgmentsxix 1Introduction 1 1.1Introduction 1 1.2 Current State of the Onsite Wastewater Industry in the United States 5 Reference 7 2Sustainability Considerations for Decentralized Wastewater Systems 9 2.1Basic Concepts and Science Related to Onsite/Decentralized Wastewater Systems 11 2.2 Sustainability Factors for Onsite/ Decentralized Wastewater Systems 20 2.2.1LEED Rating System 32 References .. 33 3Project Planning and Site Evaluation 35 3.1Project Concept Development and Implementation36 3.2 Wastewater System Flow Determinationor Estimation 39 3.3 Wastewater Characterization 43 3.3.1Characterizing Wastewater Strength and Constituents for Each Project 43 3.3.2Greywater and Black Water45 3.4 Site Evaluation 46 3.4.1Soil Textural and Structural Analyses 48 3.4.2 Total Nitrogen Removal in Soils57 3.4.3Pathogen Removal in Soils 58 3.4.4Phosphorus in Soil Systems 59 3.4.5Other Organic and Chemical Pollutants of Concern 61 3.4.6Preferential Flow Patterns and Soil Structure Considerations62 3.5Matching Systems to Site Conditions 62 References 64 4Wastewater Collection and Conveyance Methods 67 4.1Basic Methods of Decentralized Systems Collection and Conveyance 67 4.2Factors Affecting Sustainability for Collection Systems80 5Primary Treatment87 5.1Design Capacity Needed for Primary Treatment Tanks 87 5.2Grease Removal 93 5.3Effluent Filters 99 5.4Septic Tank Location and Materials of Construction 104 5.4.1Tank Location 104 5.4.2Materials of Construction for Septic Tanks and Pump Tanks 105 5.5Septic Tank and Pump Tank Installation 116 5.6Further Comments on Watertight Tanks and Piping 131 5.7 Wastewater Sludge/Septage or Residuals Management 134 References 136 6Secondary and Advanced Treatment Methods 137 6.1Secondary and Advanced Treatment Processes Commonly Used for Decentralized Systems 138 6.2Comparison of Commonly Used Decentralized Treatment Systems 148 6.3Factors Affecting Treatment Performance 164 6.4Combinations of Treatment Processes for Achieving Higher Levels of Nitrogen Reduction 171 6.5Sustainability Considerations for Evaluating and Selecting Treatment Methods 175 6.5.1Discussion of Sustainability Comparisons for Treatment Methods 178 6.6Disinfection Processes 191 6.6.1Descriptions of Disinfection Methods191 6.6.2 Comparisons of Sustainability Considerations for Disinfection Methods 195 6.7 Sustainability and Treatment Systems Management 196 References 197 7Sand Filter Construction 199 7.1Intermittent Sand Filters {Single Pass, Intermittently Dosed) 199 7.2Intermittent Sand Filter Constructio 205 7.3Recirculating Sand/Gravel Filters 227 Reference 231 8Subsurface Flow Wetlands 233 8.1Subsurface Flow Wetlands for Secondary Treatment 233 8.1.1Residential Wetland Examplefor Secondary Treatment 238 8.1.2 Residential Wetland Construction238 8.1.3Residential Wetland Treatment Performance 244 8.2 Subsurface Wetlands Combined with Other Processes for Total Nitrogen Remova246 8.2.1Wetland-Trickling Filter System Design 247 8.2.2Wetland-Trickling Filter System Construction 251 8.2.3Wetland-Trickling Filter System Performance251 References 258 9Effluent Dispersal Methods 261 9.1Basic Methods of Effluent Dispersal261 9.1.1Gravity Subsurface Beds and Trenches 262 9.1.2Low Pressure Dosing 265 9.1.3Dosing Siphons and Other Nonelectric and Passive Dosing Methods 271 9.1.4Evapotrainspiration Beds 274 9.1.5Subsurface Drip Dispersal276 9.1.6 Surface Application of Treated Effluent284 9.2Matching Dispersal Methods with Site Conditions and Levels of Treatment287 References 308
890			_aUnited States
891			_aSchool of Planning, CEPT Uni.
999			_c25612 _d25612