CONTENT: Preface vii Contributors xvii List of Figures xxi List of Tables xxiii 1 Introduction-The Effects of Changing Land Use Patterns on Marine Resources: Setting a Research Agenda to Facilitate Management. by M. Richard DeVoe and G.S. Kleppel 1 1.1Population Growth and Development in the Coastal Zone1 1.2 Scientific and Management Issues. ..4 1.3 Linking Land Use to Ecosystem Health 7 1.4 Studying the Land-Water Interface .. 12 1.5 Conclusion15 Part I Trends in Coastal Population Growth-Policies and Predictions 2 Trends in Land Use Policy and Development in the Coastal Southeast by G.S. Kleppel, Robert H. Becker, Jeffery S. Alien, and Kang Shou Lu 23 2.1 Introduction .. 26 2.2 Trajectories of Coastal Population Growth and Development. .. 27 2.3 Land Use Policies and Their Effects on Coastal Development. .. 28 2.4 Fixing the System-The Hamlet Approach . 37 2.5 Conclusion 42 3 Predicting Trajectories of Urban Growth in the Coastal Southeast by Jeffery S. Alien and Kang Shou Lu47 3.1 Introduction .. 48 3.2 Factors Affecting the Prediction of Growth Trajectories 49 3.3 Predicting Growth Trajectories . 50 3.4 Neural Networks and the Future of Growth Trajectory Forecasting 59 3.5 Discussion 63 4 Urban Typology and Estuarine Biodiversity in Rapidly Developing Coastal Watersheds by G.S. Kleppel, Dwayne E. Porter, and M. Richard DeVoe69 4.1 Introduction .. 72 4.2 Methods.. 74 4.3 Results .. 79 4.4 Discussion 83 Part II Coastal Hydrology and Geochemistry 5 The Relationship of Hydrodynamics to Morphology in Tidal Creek and Salt Marsh Systems in South Carolina and Georgia by Jackson O. Blanton, Francisco Andrade, and M. Adelaide Ferreira 93 5.1 Introduction .. 95 5.2 Links Between Hydrodynamics and Morphology 95 5.3 Tidal Circulation and Morphology: Example from the Okatee River, South Carolina 97 5.4 Examples of the Hypsometric Curve for the Okatee River System.. 98 5.5 Tidal Currents Derived from Hypsometric Curves ..100 5.6 Effect of Low-Frequency Phenomena from Continental Shelves on Tidal Creeks ..102 5.7 Some Management Issues. 104 5.8 Conclusions. .. 105 6 The Role of Tidal Wetlands in Estuarine Nutrient Cycling. by Hank N. McKellar Jr. and Delma Bratvold 109 6.1 Introduction .. 111 6.2 Pathways of Wetland Exchange and Patterns of Nutrient Import/Export.. 112 6.3 Spatial Scale and Subsystem Interactions. .. 114 6.4 Surface Sediment and Groundwater.. 115 6.5 Marsh Age, Successional Stage, and Vegetation Dominants 117 6.6 Organic Matter and Nitrogen Cycling 118 6.7 Temporal Patterns 122 6.8 Precipitation, Land Use, and Nutrient Loading .. 124 6.9 Conclusion 127 7 Evaluating the Potential Importance of Groundwater-Derived Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Inputs to South Carolina and Georgia Coastal Ecosystems. by Samantha B. Joye, Deborah A. Bronk, Dirk J. Koopmans, and Willard S. Moore 139 7.1 Introduction .. 141 7.2 Groundwater and Coastal Ecosystems 144 7.3 Available Data Describing Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Concentrations in South Carolina and Georgia Groundwater 149 7.4 Recommendations 166 7.5 Conclusions 167 8 Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Estuarine Condition by Lawrence R. Pomeroy and Wei-Jun Cai 179 8.1 Introduction .. 181 8.2 The Natural Metabolism of Estuaries . 183 8.3 River Flow and Flushing Rate .. 188 8.4 Human Impacts on Estuarine Dissolved Gases.. 189 8.5 Measurement Methods and Evaluation Strategies 191 8.6 Conclusion 195 Part III Contaminants and Their Effects 9 Chemical Contaminants Entering Estuaries in the South Atlantic Bight as a Result of Current and Past Land Use. by Richard F. Lee and Keith A. Maruya 205 9.1 Introduction ..207 9.2 Contaminant Sources208 9.3 Fate of Contaminants in Estuaries 216 9.4 Conclusions. .. 219 10Models of Coastal Stress: Review and Future Challenges. by Thomas C. Siewicki229 10.1 Introduction .. 230 10.2 Hydrodynamics 232 10.3 Sediment . 233 10.4 Nutrients. 234 10.5 Toxic Chemicals 236 10.6 Population Dynamics 241 10.7 Additional Considerations 242 10.8 Challenges 244 11Alternatives to Coliform Bacteria as Indicators of Human Impact on Coastal Ecosystems by Marc E. Frischer and Peter G. Verity 253 11.1 Introduction-Bacterial Indicators ..255 11.2 Alternative Microbial Indicators of Fecal Contamination .260 11.3 Microbial Indicators of Eutrophication265 11.4 Phytoplankton Communities as Indicators .267 11.5 Microbial Indicators of Other Contaminants268 11.6 Other Indicator Bacteria .. 271 11.7 Microbial Community Composition as an Indicator of Coastal Ecosystem Health272 11.8 Conclusion 273 Afterword-Managing Coastal Urbanization and Development in the Twenty-First Century: The Need for a New Paradigm. by Geoffrey I. Scott, A. Frederick Holland, and Paul A. Sandifer Index301