CONTENTS : Introduction to the series by M.G.K. Menon ix Note on Infinity Foundation xi Editor's Note xvii Acknowledgements xix Foreword by Gregory L. Possehl xxi Preface xxiii List of Abbreviations xxv List oj Figures xxvii 1. HISTORY OF DISCOVERY, NOMENCLATURE 1 AND SPATIAL EXTENT History of Discovery 2 Nomenclature 7 Spatial Extent 8 2. ORIGINS, REGIONAL VARIABILITY AND CHRONOLOGY 13 OF PRE-HARAPPAN CULTURES Main Sites in Pakistan 16 Main Sites in India 28 3 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS 41 4. PRINCIPAL HARAPPAN SETTLEMENT TYPES 47 Cardinal Cultural Traits 47 Important Sites In Pakistan 48 1. Mohenjodaro (Fig. 4.1, 4.2) 48 2. Harappa (Fig. 4.4) 52 3. Chanhudaro 52 4. Balakot (Fig. 4.5) 54 Important Sites In India 55 1. Ropar 55 2. Alamgirpur 55 3. Kalibangan (Fig. 4.6) 57 4. Banawali (Fig. 4.7) 57 5. Lothal (Fig. 4.8) 59 6. Rangpur (Fig. 4.9) 61 7. Rojdi (Figs. 4.10-4.12) 62 8. Prabhas Patan 62 9. Desalpur 62 10. Surkotada (Figs. 4.13a & 4.13b) 65 11. Dholavira (Fig. 4.14, 4.15) 67 12. Juni Kuran 69 13. Padri 69 14. Tarkhanwala Dera 70 15. Baror 70 5. TOWN PLANNING 71 Citadel and Township 71 Fortification and Gateways 74 Planning of the Town 80 Sites in Pakistan 80 Streets 87 Drains 90 Platforms 95 Bathing Platforms 95 Houses 97 Granaries 108 6. HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 111 Wells 113 Dams (Figs. 6.6, 6.7, 6.8 & 6.9) 118 Dockyard (Figs. 6.12a,B,C, 6.13, 6.14 & 6.15) 123 The Great Bath Complex At Mohenjodaro (Fig. 6.16) 127 Drains 129 7. RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE 131 Edith Shahr Complex 136 Great Bath and Bathing Platforms 136 Altars 137 8. THE BURIAL ARCHITECTURE 149 9. BUILDING TECHNOLOGY GEOMETRY, TOOLS, AND MATERIALS 157 Geometry and Technical Tools 157 A. Geometrical Instruments 158 B. Masons' Tools 161 C. Right Angles 162 Solar Calendars 166 Terracotta Hour Glass 166 House Building Technology 166 A. Foundation of Structures: 167 B. Masonry of Walls (Fig. 9.13) 172 C. Revetment of The Peripheral Wall 175 Building Materials 175 A. Mortar 175 B. Plaster 176 D. Doors And Windows 176 Drainage System 180 Kilns and Furnaces (Fig. 9.17) 180 Stone Architectural Pieces 183 10. DEURBANISED HARAPPAN SETTLEMENTS 185 Sindh 185 Gujarat and Northern Deccan 186 Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Western Uttar Pradesh 186 Bhagwanpura Sub Period la 188 Bhagwanpura Sub-period Ib 189 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY 193 12. INDEX 213