CONTENTS
1. Iron & Steel Industry 1-27
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Overview of Iron Making
1.2.1 Pig Iron
1.2.2 Sponge Iron
1.3 Steel
1.3.1 Production Processes
1.3.2 Classification of Steel
1.3.3. Steel Products
1.4. World Steel Industry
1.4.1 Introduction
1.4.2 Worldwide Production of Steel
1.5 Indian Steel Industry
1.5.1 Introduction
1.5.2 Strength I Weakness
1.5.3 Production
1.6 Integrated Steel ).lant
1.7 Mini Steel Plant
1.8 Emerging Technologies
1.8.1 Coke Oven - Blast Furnace (BF) -Basic Oxygen Furnace
(BOF) /Twin Hearth Furnace (THF)
1.8.2 •COREX- Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF)
1.8.3 Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)
1.8.4 Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) I Blast Furnace (BF) -
Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)
1.8.5 Mini Blast Furnace (MBF)- Energy Optimising Furnace (EOF)
1.9 Present Technology Profile
1.9.1 Coke Making
1.9.2 BF Iron Making
1.9.3 DRI Making
1.9.4 Steel Making
2. Iron Making 28-59
2.1 1 Introduction
2.2 Technology of Smelting Iron Making Process
2.2.1 Blast Furnace
2.2.2 Others Smelting Reduction
2.2.2.1 . 1 Corex Technology
2.2.2.2 Finex Technology 40
2.2.2 .3. Hismelt Technolof;y 42
2.2.2.4 Romelt Technology 43
2.2.2.5 ITmk3 Technology 45
2.3 Direct Reduced Iron 46
2.3.1 Introduction 46
2.3.2 Production 46
2.3.3 Coal-based Process 46
2.3.4 Gas-based Process 48
2.3.5 Process Description: Coal-based Sponge Iron Production 49
2.3.5.1 SL/RN Process 49
2.3.6 Process Description: Gas-based Sponge Iron Production
2.3.6.1 Midrex Process
2.3.6.2 HYL Process
2.3.7 Future of Direct Reduction
3. Steel Making 60-78
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Primary & Se'bondary Steel Making
3.3 Primary Steel Making Process
3.3.1 Pnumatic Process
3.3.1.1 LD/BOF
3.3.1.2 LDAC/OLP Process
3.3.1.3 QBOP/OBM/LWS Process
3.3.1.4 Hybrid Process
3.3.2 Slag Transfer Process
3.3.2.1 Arc Furnace
3.3.2.2 Induction Furnace (IF)
3.4 Secondary Steel Making Process
3.4.1 Introduction
3.4.2 Objectives of Secondary Steel Refining
3.4.3 Ladle Furnace (LF)
4. Casting 79-89
4.1 Introduction 79
4.2 Ingot Casting Facilities 79
4.2.1 Teeming Practice of Ingots 79
4.2.2 Types oflngots 80
4.3 Continuous Casting 80
4.3.1 Introduction 80
4.3.2 Classification of Continuous Casting
4.3.3 Essential of Continuous Casting
4.3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Caster types
4.3.5 Specification of Slab Casting
4.3.6 Machine Equipped to Cast
5. Structural Steel 90-123
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Constructional Steels used for Steel Work
5.2 Steel Metallurgy
6. Benchmark 104-110
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Performance of Indian Steel Plants
6.3 Challenges Before Steel Industry
7. Conclusion 111
8. GGlossary of Common Term Related to Iron & Steel Making 112-124
9. Bibliography 125
10. Insdag Activities 126-132