CONTENT: INTRODUCTION 7 CONSTRUCTING LANDSCAPE, ESSAY by Cordula Loidl-Reisch 9 1 MATERIALS 1.1 SOIL 15 Components, properties, classification 15 Bulk material 20 Soil protection 24 Testing and assessing foundation soil 24 1.2- PLANTS 29 Plant propagation 29 Woody plants 30 Herbaceous plants (including grasses and ferns) 35 Bulbs and tubers (geophytes) 37 Bedding and tub plants 37 1.3 LAWNS AND OTHER SEEDED AREAS 43 Lawns 43 Crushed stone lawn/checker brick lawn 46 Meadows 47 Intermediate planting 48 1.4 WOOD 53 Composition, properties and timber preservation53 Products 60 Surface qualities 61 Joints 62 1.5 CUT STONE67 Properties and products 68 Surface properties and treatment 72 Jointing and shaping 75 1.6 BRICKANDCLINKER 79 Composition, properties, products 79 Surface qualities and surface treatment 86 Laying and shaping 90 1.7 CONCRETE 95 Composition, properties, products 95 Surface qualities and surface treatment 99 Joining and molding 100 1.8 METALS 105 Iron and steel 106 Aluminum 117 Copper 118 Zinc/titanium zinc 118 1.9 OTHER BUILDING MATERIALS 123 Plastics 123 Bitumen and asphalt 128 Glass 131 2 THE PRINCIPLES OF LOADBEARING STRUCTURES 2.1 LOADBEARING STRUCTURES ANDTHEIR DIMENSIONS137 Fundamentals of structural component dimensioning 137 Assumed loads143 Choice of system144 Choice of materials147 Choice of cross-section151 Stiffening154 2.2 FOUNDATIONS159 The principles of soil mechanics159 Principal foundation types167 2.3 CONNECTIONS173 Timber connections173 Steel connections180 Concrete connections184 Connections between different materials191 3 STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND BUILDING METHODS 3.1 GROUND MODELING AND EARTHWORKS199 Terrain modeling199 Securing earthworks202 Specimen projects 208 3.2 PATHS AND SQUARES 215 Hard surfaces-terminology 215 Building ground215 Pavement216 Construction methods for surface courses219 Borders231 Specimen projects233 3.3 STEPS 243 Outdoor steps243 Construction methods245 Ramps 257 Specimen projects 258 3.4 RAILINGS AND FENCES 267 General requirements267 Construction methods 269 Specimen projects 281 3.5 WALLS295 Principles 295 Freestanding walls 295 Retaining walls 296 Nonstable construction methods 300 Stable construction methods 302 Specimen projects314 3.6 SMALL STRUCTURES AND PERGOLAS 327 Construction and use of materials for small structures327 Construction and use of materials for pergolas334 Specimen projects336 3.7 SMALL BRIDGES 347 General structure of a bridge347 Bridge support structures347 Specimen projects350 3.8 WALKWAYS AND DECKS357 General essentials 357 Foundation 358 Substructure/support construction 359 Covering o 359 Specimen projects 361 PLANTING TECHNIQUE AND CARE OF VEGETATION SURFACES 369 Basics of plant growth369 Planting woody plants372 Planting and maintenance of herbaceous plants378 Planting and maintenance of geophytes379 Seasonal ornamental plants379 Specimen projects380 ) LAWNS AND MEADOWS: LAYING OUT AND CARE389 Lawns 389 Meadows392 Seeding ornamental annuals393 Specimen projects394 SURFACE DRAINAGE 399 Creating slopes399 Construction methods for drainage systems 404 Basic calculations and parameters 411 Specimen projects 414 ' WATER INSTALLATIONS 421 General building methods and choice of location421 Construction methods422 Planting pools and ponds428 Specimen projects432 3 VERTICAL PLANTING445 Creative aims447 Structures and attachment modes for trellis climbers451 Construction requirements451 Loads452 Problems with climbing plants452 Maintenance and checking 452 Specimen project453 + GREEN ROOFS457 Forms of green roof457 Construction requirements and constructive elements 459 Designs and layers in green roofs464 Greening methods466 Implementing a green roof468 Specimen projects471 5 SPECIAL ELEMENTS479 Lighting elements479 Play and sports elements482 Specimen projects485 Seating elements 490 Specimen projects491 APPENDIX LITERATURE, STANDARDS AND DIRECTIVES, ADDITIONAL INFORMATION503 PICTURE CREDITS519 INDEX525