CONTENTS Preface: The New Generation of Planning xiii Introduction: Communities, Planning, and CommunityViz xvi Computers and Planning xvi A New Generation of Planning xvii What CommunityViz Does xvii CommunityViz Roots and Development xviii CommunityViz and All Kinds of Planning xviii The Orton Family Foundation's Heart & Soul Planning Philosophy xxi Practical Benefits of New Generation Planning xxi How to Use This Book xxii Special Terms xxiv CommunityViz: An Overview xxv Scenario 360 xxv Common Applications xxvii Integration with ArcCIS xxvii 3-D Visualization within Scenario 360 xxvii Scenario 3D xxvii Scenario 3D Exporter and Viewer xxvii FOUNDATIONS 1 Chapter i: Getting Started 4 Define Your Study Area 4 Create an Area Profile 5 Identify Problems and Forces of Change 6 Identify Key People and Organizations 7 Describe Decisions That Need to Be Made and Questions to Answer 8 The CommunityViz Project Framework for Decision Making 8 The Difference Between Decisions and Information 10 Describe Goals 10 Chapter 2: Technical Needs and Data Resources for CommunityViz n Computing Resources and Technical Staff 11 Data Resources 12 Data Best Practices and Ethics 12 Experts, Specialized Models, and Crowds 13 Chapter 3: Planning Study Design Guidelines 15 About Scenario Planning 15 How Scenario Planning Principles Influence Project Design 18 Geodesign and Making Decisions without Scenarios 18 Project Practicalities 19 Time and Budget 19 Trade-Offs and Limitation of Feasible Planning Projects 20 Analysis Design 21 Iterative Design 23 Design for Transparency 23 Multimedia Design 24 Visualization Priorities 25 Technology Selection 26 Communication Design 26 Design for a Living Comprehensive Plan 26 Chapter 4: Custom Impact Models and Analysis 28 Why and When 28 Types of Impact Models and How to Create Them 28 Rate-Based Impact Models 29 Coefficient-Based Impact Models 30 Spatially Dependent Impact Models 31 External Models 31 How to Choose a Model 31 Creating a Custom Analysis 32 Technical Section: Dynamic Analysis in Scenario 360 32 Dynamic Attributes 32 Indicators 33 Assumptions 34 Scenarios 34 Setup Tools 35 Chapter 5: Three-Dimensional Scenes 36 Why and When 36 Choosing a 3-D Platform 36 How 3-D Works 37 Partly Transparent Textures 38 Shadows and Lighting 38 Active Materials 39 How a 3-D Scene Is Built 39 Creating a 3-D Scene 40 Get Data 41 Create a Base Model 42 Model Development Proposals or Scenarios 43 Create Presentation Aids 44 Special Considerations for Metro and Regional Models 44 Teaching Example 45 Chapter 6: Getting the Most from 3-D 50 The Art of Making Effective 3-D Scenes 50 Providing Good Information 50 Making the Computer-to-Real-Wo rid Connection 50 Enhancing Subjective Feel 51 Solutions to Common Challenges 52 Soft Features 52 Numerous Features 52 Large Areas 53 Uneven Terrain 54 Choosing Accessories 54 Conclusion 54 CASE STUDIES; Klamath River, California and Oregon; 55 Manchester, Vermont 57 COMMUNITY VISIONINC, VALUES, AND GROWTH PROJECTIONS 6l Chapter 7: Visioning 63 Why and When 63 Beginning the Visioning Project 64 Assessing the Current Situation 64 Scenario Building 65 Low-Tech Visioning 65 Scenarios Created by the Public 66 Scenarios Created Internally 67 Best Practices for Creating Scenarios 67 Selecting a Preferred Scenario 67 Implementation Plan 68 Teaching Example 68 CASE STUDY: Metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts 72 Chapter 8: Growth Projections 75 Land Use Designer 75 Build-Out Wizard 76 Build-Out Steps 78 Density Rules 79 Commercial Buildings 79 Keeping Perspective 79 TimeScopc 80 Allocator 81 External Models 81 Combining Growth-Planning Decision Tools 82 Data Needs and Sources 82 Teaching Example 83 CASE STUDY: Middlehury,Vermont 87 Chapter 9: Value Mapping and Special Places 90 Value Mapping 90 Why and When 90 Articulating Core Values 90 Value Mapping Steps 90 Making a Value Tree 91 Value Elements 92 Value Drivers 92 Physical Form 93 CommunityViz Value Indexes 93 Using Value Mapping 94 Mapping Special Places 94 CASE STUDIES! Allegheny County, Pennsylvania;95 Exeter, Rhode Island 98 MAKING PLANS 1O1 Chapter 10: Local Comprehensive Plans 104 Why and When 104 Data Needs 104 Describing Current Conditions 106 Creating Scenarios 106 Modeling Impacts 107 Engaging the Public 108 Teaching Example 109 CASE STyoies: Durango, Colorado; 115 Mooresville, North Carolina 118 Chapter 11: Regional Land-Use and Transportation Plans 121 Why and When 121 Data Needs 121 CommunityViz Tools 123 Analysis Templates 123 Scale-Changing Formula Functions 123 Sketch Tools 125 Linking to External Models 125 Analysis Grids 125 Teaching Example 127 CASE STUDIES; Greater Nashville, Tennessee; 131 Washington County, Utah 133 Chapter 12: Site Selection and Assessment 135 Why and When 135 Suitability Concepts 136 CommunityViz Tools for Suitability Analysis 137 Suitability Wizard 137 Nested Suitability 138 Categories 138 Alerts 138 Assumptions and Charts 138 Symbology Tools 139 Scoring Systems for Centers and Neighborhoods ] 39 Teaching Example 141 CASE STUDIES; Squamish, British Columbia, Canada;144 Calumet County, Wisconsin 147 Chapter 13: Resource Plans 149 Data Needs and Sources 149 Working with Raster Data 150 Valuing Resources 151 Conditions and Targets 151 Assessing Implementation Strategies 152 Community Viz Tools 152 Scientific Modeling 152 Evaluation of BMPs 153 Optimizer 153 LandFrag Wizard 154 Teaching Example 154 Topsham, Maine; 158 Delmarva Peninsula, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia 160 REVIEWING REGULATIONS AND DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS 163 Chapter 14: Analyzing Zoning Regulations 166 Why and When166 Data Needs 166 Zoning Development Capacity Analysis Using the Build-Out Wizard 166 Zoning Development Capacity Calculations Outside the Build-Out Wizard 170 Estimating Capacity Utilization 171 Teaching Example 171 Chapter 15: Cost-of-Services Analyses, Capital Improvements, and Pro Formas 176 Data Needs and Sources 177 Setting up a Cost-of-Services Analysis 177 Using a Cost-of-Services Analysis 179 Analyzing Subdivision and Land-Development Regulations 179 Pro Forma Analyses 180 Teaching Example 180 Chapter 16: Design Review and Form-Based Codes 185 About 3-D Modeling for Design Reviews and Form-Based Codes 185 Using 3-D for Design Review 187 Modeling Proposals for Design Review 187 Displaying the Scene 187 Using 3-D for Drafting and Applying Form-Based Codes 188 Indicators for Design Review and Form-Based Codes 189 Site-Specific Indicators 189 Comparative Community Indicators 189 Teaching Example 190 Westminster, Colorado 194 COMMUNICATING AND INTERACTING igj Chapter 17: Public Meetings, Presentations, and Charrettes 198 Why and When 198 Public Meetings 199 Charrettes 199 Presentation Techniques and Best Practices 202 Designing the Analysis 202 Understanding the Audience 202 Designing the Display 203 Speaking with Community Viz 204 Venue and Logistics 205 Presenting 3-D Scenes 206 Keypads and Online Polling 207 CommunityViz in Workgroups 209 Workgroup Learning Curves 209 Introducing Interactive Capabilities to Workgroups 210 Best Practices for Using CommunHyViz with Workgroups 210 CASE STUDIES; Fort Lupton, Colorado; 212 Northern Rocky Mountains. Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and Alberta and British Columbia, Canada 214 Chapter 18: Reports, Displays, and Websites 216 Reporting and Display Features 216 Reporting and Display Best Practices 216 Images of 3-D Scenes 218 Project Website 218 Web-Ready Reports 218 Website Images and Data 218 WebShots Wizard 220 3-D Scenes on the Web 220 Sharing a Complete Analysis on the Web 221 More Web Options 222 Chapter 19: Beyond Planning Projects 223 Anticipating Planning Problems 223 Connecting Plans to Day-to-Day Processes 224 Supporting Other Departments 225 APPENDICES 228 Appendix i: When and How to Get Help 228 Readiness Self-Assessment 228 CommunityViz Skills 228 Technical Environment 228 Organizational Readiness 228 Partners and Collaborators 228 Modeling Skills and Resources 229 Staffing for CommunityViz 229 Working with Consultants 229 CommunityViz Resources 230 Appendix 2: Data Management 231 Data Management Best Practices for Analysis 231 Data Management Best Practices for 3-D Visualization 232 Using Data from Multiple Sources 232 Appendix 3: Performance 234 Analysis Performance 234 3-D Performance 235 Appendix 4: Data Sources 238 Appendix 5: CommunityViz Features 243 Scenario 360 Features 243 Integration with ArcGIS 243 3-D Visualization 243 Dynamic Charts 243 Scenarios 243 Decision Tools 244 Interactive Analysis and Modeling 245 Communication and Engagement 247 Scenario 3D Features 248 Scenario 3D Exporter 249 Scenario 3D Viewer 250 Contacts 251 References 253 Glossary 254 Acknowledgments 263 Index 264