CONTENTS Certificate ii Undertaking iii Disclaimer iv Executive Summary v Table of Contents xiv List of Tables xvii List of Figures xviii List of Graphs xix List of Maps xix List of Abbreviations xx Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1. Statement of Research Problem 1 2. Significance of the Study 3 3. Key Research Question 5 4. Aim 5 5. Objectives 5 6. Scope 5 7. Methodology 5 8. Identification and Formulation of Research Criteria 7 9. Analytical Framework 8 Chapter 2: Literature Review 9 1. Introduction 9 2. Environment Impact Assessment: Definition and Objectives 9 3. Evolution of Environment Impact Assessment 9 4. Environment Impact Assessment in India 11 4.1 Environment Clearance Process 13 5. Environment Management Plan 14 6. Construction Projects and Environment Clearance 15 6.1 Amendment dated 9th December 2016 for Construction Projects 16 7. ‘Effectiveness’ of Environment Impact Assessment Process and the proposed Environment Management Plans 17 8. Challenges faced by the EIA Process 20 9. Summing Up 24 Chapter 3: Selection of Projects and Evaluation Criteria 26 1. Selection of Projects: Punjab SEIAA 26 1.1 Selection Procedure 27 1.1.1 Categorization of the 996 EC letters from Punjab SEIAA 27 1.1.2 Delineation of Construction Projects in Punjab 28 1.1.3 Selection of the Case Studies 29 2. Case Study 1: Mohali Hills, SAS Nagar, Punjab 29 3. Case Study 2: JLPL Township, Sector- 90, 91, SAS Nagar, Punjab 32 4. Identification and Formulation of Evaluation Criteria 34 4.1 Procedural Effectiveness 35 4.2 Substantive Effectiveness 35 4.3 Indicators for Substantive Effectiveness: EMPs Proposed 36 Chapter 4: Procedural Effectiveness 38 1. Legal Basis 38 1.1 Environment Impact Assessment Legislation 38 1.2 Timeline of the EIA Process. 40 2. Guidance Basis 41 2.1 Standardization of the TORs 41 2.2 Public Participation 42 2.3 Quality of the EIA Reports 44 Chapter 5: Substantive Effectiveness 45 1. Project Area and Location 45 1.1 JLPL Township 46 1.2 Mohali Hills, EMAAR MGF 47 2. Water Consumption and Demand 48 2.1 Provision in the Environment Clearance Order (Project 1 & 2) and EIA Report 48 2.2 On-site Analysis 49 3. Waste Water Management 50 3.1 Provision in the Environment Clearance Order (Project 1 & 2) and EIA Report 50 3.2 On-site Analysis 52 4. Rainwater Harvesting 54 4.1 Provision in the Environment Clearance Order (Project 1 & 2) and EIA Report 54 4.2 On-site Analysis 54 5. Solid Waste Management 55 5.1 Provision in the Environment Clearance Order (Project 1 & 2) and EIA Report 55 5.2 On-site Analysis 56 6. Green Areas 57 6.1 Provision in the Environment Clearance Order (Project 1 & 2) and EIA Report 57 6.2 On-site Analysis 59 7. Informal Labor: Construction Workers 60 7.1 Provision in the Environment Clearance Order (Project 1 & 2) and EIA Report 60 7.2 On-site Analysis 61 8. Socio-Economic Parameters 62 8.1 Provision in the Environment Clearance Order (Project 1 & 2) and EIA Report 63 8.2 On-site Analysis 64 9. Summing Up issues identified from the EMPs and On-site Analysis 66 10. Conclusion 67 Chapter 6: Recommendations 69 1. Objectives, Issues and Recommendations 69 Bibliography 72