CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 RESEARCH PROBLEM & FRAMEWORK 5 2.1 RATIONALE OF PROPOSED STUDY 5 2.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM OF THE STUDY 6 2.3 RESEARCH QUESTION 7 2.4 AIM & OBJECTIVES 7 2.4.1 OBJECTIVES 8 2.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 8 2.6 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK 9 3 AHMEDABAD - CITY PROFILE 11 3.1 LOCATION AND CLIMATE 13 3.2 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS 14 3.3 PUBLIC TRANSPORT 14 3.4 VEHICLE OWNERSHIP AND COMPOSITION 16 3.5 GROWTH OF VEHICLES & TRAFFIC VOLUME 17 4 LITERATURE REVIEW 20 4.1 WHAT IS PARKING? 22 4.2 CONTESTATIONS IN PLANNING FOR PARKING 23 4.2.1 PRESENT PROVISIONS OF PARKING AND PROBLEMS 23 4.2.2 IS PARKING A SOCIAL SERVICE? 23 4.2.3 CRUISING FOR PARKING 25 4.3 EXTERNAL COSTS OF UNCONSTRAINED AND FREE PARKING SUPPLY .... 26 4.3.1 TRAFFIC CONGESTION & TIME DELAYS 27 4.3.2 AIR POLLUTION 30 5 METHODOLOGY 33 5.1 EVALUATION OF NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES DUE TO UNCONSTRAINED AND FREE ON-STREET PARKING 33 5.2 MEASUREMENT OF NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES DUE TO UNCONSTRAINED AND FREE ON-STREET PARKING 34 5.3 SITE SELECTION 35 6 DATA COLLECTION & ANALYSIS 39 6.1 COMPONENTS OF DATA COLLECTION 39 6.2 TRAFFIC CONDITION OF THE ROAD STRETCH 40 6.3 ON-STREET PARKING COUNT SURVEYS 42 6.4 ON-STREET PARKING TURNOVER SURVEYS 46 6.5 COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENT & VEHICLE PARKER SURVEYS 47 6.6 INTRODUCTION TO MICRO-SIMULATION AND VISSIM 7.0 SOFTWARE 51 6.7 MICRO-SIMULATION MODELING OF STUDY ROAD NETWORK 52 6.8 MICRO-SIMULATION ANALYSIS 54 6.8.1 TRAFFIC CONGESTION AND VALUE OF TIME BY UNCONSTRAINED AND FREE ON-STREET PARKING 58 6.9 AIR POLLUTION BY UNCONSTRAINED AND FREE ON-STREET PARKING .. 61 6.10 CALINE4 AIR QUALITY MODEL – TOTAL VEHICULAR TRAFFIC 62 6.11 CALINE4 AIR QUALITY MODEL – PRIVATE VEHICLES CRUSING FOR PARKING 68 7 INFERENCES 73 8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 76 9 ANNEXURE 80