CONTENTS Preface 3 Introduction 7 Chapter 1 Side view sketches 9 Sketching in side view provides an easy 3D suggestion of a product. Drawing this way is generally experienced as easier than perspective drawing. A redesign of a domestic handheld mixer explains the drawing approach basics of sketching in side view, step-by-step. Introduction 9 Getting started 10 Adidas AG 14 Light and shading 16 npk industrial design bv 18 Details 20 Ford Motor Company 21 SMOOL Designstudio 22 Drop shadows 24 Displays 25 WeLL Design 26 Chapter 2 Perspective drawing 27 Basic perspective rules are needed to start drawing in perspective, but these rules can also be regarded as a tool to influence visual information. Separate aspects of perspective and their impact in drawing are shown. Introduction 27 Scale 28 Perspective convergence 29 Distortion 30 Foreshortening 32 Well Design 34 Viewpoint 36 BMW Group 38 Eye-level perspective 42 Extreme perspective 43 DAF Trucks NV 44 FLEX/thelNNOVATIONLAB 44 DAF Trucks NV 48 Aerial perspective 50 Guerrilla Games 52 Chapter 3 Simplifying shape 55 Learning how to analyze helps you to simplify complex situations into understandable simple steps. An effective analysis results in an effective drawing. Complex and simple drawings are compared for an effective approach to drawing. Major players are block shapes, ellipses, cylinder and planes. The following chapters are ordered accordingly. Introduction 55 Analyzing 56 The drawing approach 59 WAACS 66 Chapter 4 Elementary geometrical shapes 67 In addition to perspective, shading is used to create depth. The immediate spatial impact of a drawing is largely determined by its contrast in shading, and with that the choice of light direction. The influence of light on simple geometric shapes is explained, as they form the basis of most drawings. Introduction 67 Block shapes 67 Cylinders, spheres and cones 74 Audi AC 80 Chapter 5 Special attention for ellipses 81 A lot of people 'automatically' start drawing an object by first drawing a block. In a lot of situations, however, a cylinder or ellipse can be the most appropriate starting point of a drawing. In this approach, the ellipse plays a major role, to which other shapes are related. Introduction 81 Vertical (upright) cylinders 83 studioMOM 86 Ford Motor Company 88 Horizontal cylinders 92 Shape combinations 96 Springtime 98 Joining cylinders 100 WAACS 102 Tubes with curvature 104 VanBerlo Strategy + Design 106 WAACS 108 Chapter 6 Rounding 109 Nearly every industrial product has rounding. On closer inspection, their shape can be regarded as a combination of parts of cylinders, spheres and blocks. There are only a few basic roundings - with endless variations, however. Understanding their structure will enable you to draw effectively, based on estimation. Introduction 109 Singular rounding 110 Jan Melis 114 Pilots Product Design 116 Multiple rounding 118 MMID 120 IAC Group 124 Staring at the surface 129 SPARK Design Engineering 131 Estimating 132 Chapter 7 Cross sections 133 Cross sections can curve a surface, and help 'read' unpredictable shapes. They can also be of use when 'building' an object or determining shape transitions. In some cases, objects are not drawn starting with a volume, but with a plane. Introduction 133 Remy & Veenhuizen ontwerpers 134 Curving a surface 136 Cross-secting spheres 138 npk industrial design bv 140 Drawing curved shapes 142 SPARK Design Engineering 144 Estimating 146 Audi AC 148 Dre Wapenaar 150 Chapter 8 Ideation 153 For most designers, sketching by hand is preferable for the first (intuitive) design steps. Others prefer to 'sketch' in 3D. Sketching is not an isolated phase; it 'mixes in' with other ideation and presentation methods, like modelling or computer rendering. Various examples are shown of how sketching is used in ideation. Introduction 153 Atelier Satyendra Pakhale 154 Tjep. 157 Studiojob 158 Fabrique 163 studioMOM 164 Springtime 166 Ford Motor Company 168 SMOOL Designstudio 170 IAC Group 172 SEAT 173 PininfarinaS.p.A. 174 Feiz Design Studio 176 Khodi Feiz 178 Chapter 9 Explanatory drawings 179 Drawings can be used to 'explain' product information to other . Communicating the integration of technical parts of a product to engineering, for example, or the working of a product to the end user. Over time, the communication of technical information has resulted in specific kinds of drawings; like the Exploded View or the Instruction Manual. Introduction 179 Richard Hutten Scudio 18O Exploded views 182 MMID 184 IAC Group 186 SEAT 187 Cut-away 188 Ghosting 189 FLEX/thelNNOVATIONLAB 190 Instructional drawings 191 FLEX/thelNNOVATIONLAB 194 DAF Trucks NV 196 Chapter 10 Surface and textures 197 A drawing of a product will become more realistic if its material properties, such as transparency, gloss or structure, can be seen. The intention is not to draw photo-realistically, but to gain insight in effects and properties, so that material can be 'suggested1. Drawings can be made more 'presentable', and decisions in the design process can be taken based upon them. Introduction 197 PininfarinaS.p.A. 198 Reflections 201 Guidelines for reflections 202 Glossy 204 Mat 205 SPARK Design Engineering 206 Springtime 207 Jan Hoekstra. Industrial Design Services 208 Chromium 210 WAACS 212 BMW Group 213 Glass 214 Textures and graphics 217 Van der Veer Designers 218 Chapter 11 Emitting light 221 A special kind of drawing situation occurs when an object is emitting light. Bright light and also soft light such as backlights or LEDs are discussed. Introduction 221 Marcel Wanders Studio 222 Emitting bright light 224 FLEX/thelNNOVATIONLAB 226 Pilots Product Design 227 Emitting soft light 229 Studiojan Melis 231 Studiojacob de Baan 233 Chapter 12 Context 235 Products are related to people, interfaces, interaction, and ergonomics.Some products are indistinct when seen without their context, especialiy for people outside the branch or design field, like marketers or sponsors. People or surroundings can simply place a product in its context or even show the real-life implications of a product and at the same time give scale. Introduction 235 Pilots Product Design 236 VanBerlo Strategy + Design 237 User context 235 Well Design 239 Blending in part of an object 240 Combining pictures and drawing 242 Hands 244 People 246 Van der Veer Designers 248 VanBerlo Strategy + Design 250 Bibliography 252 Credits 253