CONTENTS 1 Introduction: 1 1.1 Aim: 2 1.2 Objectives: 2 1.3 Scope : 2 1.4 Methodology: 3 2 Literature review 7 2.1 State Profile. 7 2.2 Ethnicity in Manipur 7 2.3 Highways- the life line of Manipur. 11 2.4 Ethnicity, road Infrastructure and Economic Blockades 13 2.5 Transport infrastructure development in the rest of the country. 16 2.6 Recent Development. 18 2.7 Asian Highway 19 2.8 Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation Program 21 2.8.1 Savannakhet Province in Lao PDR 22 3 Study Area Profile 27 3.1 District level analysis 27 4 Site Profile: 32 4.1 TOWN PROFILE – KAKCHING 32 4.1.1 Demographics : 33 4.1.2 Topography: 34 4.1.3 Mineral Resources 34 4.1.4 Linkages 34 4.2 TOWN PROFILE – Pallel. 35 4.2.1 Demographics 36 4.2.2 Linkages: 37 5 Socio-economic impact on Kakching and Pallel. 39 5.1 Kakching. 39 5.1.1 Basis Household Amenities in Kakching. 39 5.1.2 Expenditure profile 42 5.1.3 House and land tenure 44 5.1.4 Land value increment. 44 5.1.5 Economic activities in Kakching: 46 5.1.6 Connectivity 52 5.1.7 Source of income and there levels. 55 5.2 Pallel. 65 5.2.1 Basics Household Amenities in Pallel. 65 5.2.2 Expenditure profile: 68 5.2.3 Land value increment in Pallel. 71 5.2.4 Land Ownership and settlers. 71 5.2.5 Economic activities in Pallel. 72 5.2.6 Pallel connectivity 73 5.2.7 Sources of income and their levels 75 5.3 Comaprision between Kakching and Pallel. 82 5.3.1 Comparison of Basic Ammenities of Kakching and Pallel. 82 5.3.2 Comparison of expenditure profile of Kakching and Pallel. 83 5.3.3 Land Value Increment 83 5.3.4 Comparison between of Sources of income of Pallel And Kackching 84 5.4 Ethnicity wise income level of Pallel. 85 6 Conclusion 90 7 Bibliography 95 8 Annexure 99