Abstract 1 Acknowledgements 3 CONTENTS 5 List of tables 11 List of figures 13 List of abbreviations 15 1. Introduction 17 1.1. Background 17 1.2. Aim of the study 22 1.3. Objective of study 22 1.4. Purpose of study 22 1.5. Scope of Study 23 1.6. Limitations of Study 23 1.7. Study methods 24 1.7.1. Literature and database 24 1.7.2. Visits, Meeting, Interviews and Questionnaires 25 1.7.3. Regulations and Standards 25 1.8. Environment Impact Assesment 25 2. Background Study of Paints 27 2.1. Background 27 2.1.1. Non curing coatings 27 2.1.2. Curing coatings 27 2.2. The History of Paints 28 2.2.1. Renaissance 30 2.2.2. Development of Commercial Paint Industry 31 2.2.3. Inventions in Paint Industry: Introduction of Acrylic Paints 32 2.2.4. The Green Revolution 32 2.3. Constituents of Paint 32 2.3.1. Binder/ Resins 34 2.3.2. Pigment 36 2.3.3. Fillers/ extenders 38 2.3.4. Solvent 38 2.3.5. Additives 39 2.4. Manufacturing Process 40 2.4.1. Preassembly and premix 41 2.4.2. Pigment grinding / milling / dispersing 41 2.4.3. Product finishing / blending 41 2.4.4. Product filling / Packaging 42 2.5. Different Types Of Paint 43 2.5.1. Solvent based paint 43 Namita Singh Page 7 of 112 2.5.2. Water Based Paint 43 3. Paint Industry in India 46 3.1. Trends in Paint Industry 51 4. Environmeny Impact Identification System 55 4.1. Methodology forImpact Identification 56 4.1.1. Impact Identification Techniques. 56 4.1.2. Matrices 57 4.1.3. Overlays - graphical methods 57 4.1.4. Systems diagrams and systems models 57 4.2. Methodology 57 5. Acrylic Emulsions 61 5.1. Composition of Acrylic Emulsion 63 5.2. Types of Acrylic Emulsion 63 5.2.1. Vinyl Acrylic Emulsion Paint 63 5.2.2. Alkyd Acrylic Emulsion Paint 64 5.3. Hazardous components 66 5.4. Common Elements and their Importance for Quality and Environment 67 5.4.1. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 67 5.4.2. Alkyl phenol ethoxy-lates (APEOs) 68 5.4.3. Per-fluorinated alkyl sulfonates (PFA’s) 69 5.4.4. Heavy Metals 69 5.4.5. Aromatic Halogenated Hydrocarbons 71 5.4.6. Formaldehyde .71 5.4.7. Halogenated Organic Solvents 71 5.4.8. Phthalates 71 5.5. Health concerns 73 5.6. Pollution 74 6. Global standards v/s Indian Standards 79 6.1. Ecomark 79 6.1.1. Criteria 79 6.1.2. Product specific requirements 80 6.2. GS-11 81 6.2.1. Specific Compound Prohibitions 81 6.2.2. Water based Coatings (inclusive of dry distemper and cement paints) 82 6.2.3. Solvent based high solid coatings 82 6.3. Global Eco Label Networking (GEN) .83 6.3.1. Water Based 83 6.3.2. Solvent Based Coatings 83 7. Indoor Air Quality Criteria in 87 7.1.1. GRIHA rating system 88 7.1.2. SVAGRIHA 91 7.1.3. LEED rating system 92 8. Conclusion 93 Appendices 97 References 101