CONTENTS 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Background of the study 11 1.2 Statement of Research problem 12 1.3 Research questions . 12 1.4 Aim and objectives 13 1.5 Framework and methodology . 13 1.6 Secondary Data 14 1.7 Primary Data 15 1.8 Scope 15 1.9 Limitations 16 1.10 Tentative chapter plan 16 2 Literature review . 18 2.1 Introduction . 18 2.2 Trends in Public transportation . 18 2.3 Public transportation Utilization Indicators 19 2.4 Spatial variability in Public transportation . 22 2.5 Conclusion 22 3 Study area description 24 3.1 Introduction . 24 3.2 Demography 24 3.3 Road network . 25 4 Transport Characteristics of Ahmedabad 26 4.1 Current Scenario 26 4.2 Overview of AMTS . 26 4.3 Overview of BRTS system 28 5 Data collection and Analysis 31 5.1 Data overview 31 5.2 Secondary data . 32 5.2.1 Ridership data of 2012 32 5.2.2 Ridership data of 2013 34 5.2.3 Ridership data of 2014 35 5.2.4 Ridership data of 2015 36 5.2.5 Ridership data of 2016 38 5.2.6 Ridership data of 2017 39 5.3 Primary data 41 5.3.1 Peak hour analysis 42 5.3.2 Occupancy survey 43 5.3.2.1 Survey locations 44 5.3.2.2 Share of services along Narol – Naroda corrridor 44 5.3.2.3 Occupancy of AMTS service 45 5.3.2.4 Occupancy of Auto Rickshaws . 47 5.3.3 Factors affecting ridership 49 5.3.3.1 Trip Purpose . 50 5.3.3.2 Frequency of Travel 50 5.3.3.3 Travel time . 51 5.3.3.4 Mode of Access 52 5.3.3.5 Mode of Egress 53 5.3.3.6 Trip length . 55 5.3.3.7 Waiting time 56 5.3.3.8 Affordability of fares 57 5.3.3.9 Getting a seat 57 5.3.3.10 Other indicators 58 5.3.4 Factor Analysis 60 5.4 Competitiveness among Public transportation 69 5.5 Resource benefits through optimization of Routes 70 5.5.1 Operational savings 75 5.5.2 Vehicle savings 75 5.5.3 Revenue gain 76 6 Conclusion . 77 6.1 Impact on ridership due to Factors . 77 6.2 Route optimization . 79 7 Recommendations 81 8 Bibliography . 82 ANNEXURE