Contents List of Figures and Tables vii Preface ix PART I CONTRUCTS FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF PLANNING 1 Seven Models of Planning 3 Introduction 3 The Rational Model of Planning 3 The Advocacy Model of Planning 7 The (neo)Marxist Model of Planning 10 The Model of Equity Planning 11 The Model of Social Learning and Communicative Action 12 The Radical Model of Planning 15 The Liberalistic Model of Planning 16 2 Towards a Third Generation of Planning Theory 19 Introduction 19 Three Generations of Planning 19 2.1Aligning the Positions Here Advocated with Actual, Mainstream Approaches in Planning Theory 46 PART II CONSTRUCTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF PLANNING TASKS 3 The Semiotic Triangle - A Conceptual Tool in Planning 57 Introduction 57 3.1The Components of the Semiotic Triangle 63 3.2The Formation of Concepts 71 3.3Relations 77 3.4 Mechanisms 78 3.5The Formation of Constructs 96 3.6 Schemas, Mental Models, Metaphors and Analogies 98 3.7 The Meaning of Constructs 104 3.8The Relationships Within the Semiotic Triangle 111 3.9 Attributes of Constructs 116 3.10 Consequences for Planning 120 3.11 Possible Mistakes 124 3.12 Rules in Planning 132 3.13 Conclusion 144 Bibliography 149 Index 163