CONTENTS Acknowledgements iv Introduction 1 1 Site and land use 11 1.0 Introduction 12 1.1 Compact cities 16 1.2 Reducing transport impacts 22 1.3 In harmony with nature 32 1.4 Local food production 44 2 Community 51 2.0 Introduction 52 2.1 Community participation 56 2.2 Housing for all 64 2.3 Training and employment 74 2.4 Enhancing the quality of life 80 2.5 Promoting sustainability 88 3 Health and well-being 95 3.0 Introduction 96 3.1 Comfort 100 3.2 Insensible agents of disease 112 3.3 Identity and independence 128 3.4 Restorative environments 136 4 Materials 143 4.0 Introduction 144 4.1 Design for longevity 149 4.2 Waste as a resource 158 4.3 Avoiding resources depletion 166 4.4 Minimising manufacturing impacts 174 4.5 Materials and energy 182 4.6 Waste minimisation 188 5 Energy 199 5.0 Introduction 200 5.1 Minimising energy needs 205 5.2 Using energy efficiently 228 5.3 'Green' energy sources 238 6 Water 253 6.0 Introduction 254 6.1Minimising need and maximising efficiency258 6.2 Alternative water sources 264 6.3 Reducing the use of mains drains 272 Postscript, Appendices & Bibliography 285 Postscript 286 Appendix 1 - Projects overview 288 Appendix 2 - Location maps 290 Appendix 3 - Climate data 291 Bibliography 292 Index 298