CONTENTSExecutive Summary i 1. INTRODUCTION 17 1.1 BACKGROUND 17 1.1.1 UNDERSTANDING PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEMS 18 1.2 WHAT IS PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK PLANNING? 18 1.3 NEED FOR THE STUDY 19 1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 21 1.4.1 AIM 21 1.4.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES 21 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 21 1.6 STUDY METHODOLOGY 22 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 25 2.1 NETWORK PLANNING 25 2.2 ROUTE STRUCTURES 26 2.2.1 RADIAL ROUTES (OR TRUNK ROUTES) 26 2.2.2 CROSS?]TOWN ROUTES 26 2.2.3 CIRCULATOR ROUTES 26 2.2.4 TRUNK & FEEDERS/SHUTTLE SERVICE 27 2.2.5 REGIONAL SERVICE 27 2.3 BASIC DESIGN CRITERIA?fS. 27 2.3.1 PRIMARY CRITERIA 27 2.3.2 SECONDARY CRITERIA 28 2.4 NETWORK PLANNING ELEMENTS 29 2.4.1 A SIMPLE ROUTE STRUCTURE 29 2.4.2 STABLE LINE AND OPERATING PATTERNS 29 2.4.3 CONVENIENT TRANSFERS 29 2.4.4 BETTER USE OF CAPACITY 30 2.4.5 TRAVELLING SPEED 30 2.5 APPROACHES TO PLANNING THE NETWORK 31 2.5.1 TAILOR-MADE APPROACH 31 2.5.2 TAILOR-MADE APPROACH 32 2.6 TRANSIT NETWORK PLANNING STAGES 33 2.6.1 TRANSIT ROUTE NETWORK (TRN) DESIGN 33 2.6.2 TRANSIT NETWORK SCHEDULING (TSN) DESIGN 34 2.7 NETWORK MODIFICATION APPROACHES 34 2.7.1 OPTIMIZATION BASED APPROACH 34 2.7.2 HEURISTIC APPROACH 35 2.7.3 PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES 35 2.8 DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK EFFECT 35 2.8.1 KEY PRACTICE 1: SIMPLE AND DIRECT NETWORK STRUCTURES 36 2.8.2 KEY PRACTICE 2: PLAN A HIERARCHY OF LINES INTO A NETWORK 36 2.8.3 KEY PRACTICE 3: PLAN FOR SPEED, CONSISTENCY AND RELIABILITY 36 2.8.4 KEY PRACTICE 4: COORDINATE CONVENIENT TRANSFERS 37 2.8.5 KEY PRACTICE 5: PROVIDE CLEAR, UBIQUITOUS AND CONSISTENT INFORMATION AND MARKING 37 2.9 CONCLUSION 37 3. STUDY AREA DELINEATION 40 3.1 TRAVEL PATTERN IN MUMBAI CITY. 40 3.2 POPULATION GROWTH 41 3.3 STUDY AREA 42 3.4 BEST BUS ROUTE TYPES 43 3.5 PLANNING APPROACH ADOPTED BY BEST 44 3.6 DEMAND-BASED ANALYSIS: STEP 1 44 3.6.1 DEMAND ASSESSMENT 45 3.6.2 ROUTE SURVEY & ROUTE PLANNING 45 3.6.3 TRIP PLANNING & SCHEDULING 45 3.7 TESTING THE OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS: STEP 2 46 3.7.1 FIXED COST (FC) 47 3.7.2 VARIABLE COST (VC) 47 3.8 CONCLUSION 48 4. INTRODUCTION TO EXISTING ROUTES: PHYSICAL AND OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS 49 4.1 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION 49 4.2 STUDY AREA: 3 DEPOTS, JURISDICTION AREA CHARACTERISTICS AND ACTIVITY NODES 50 4.2.1 GORAI DEPOT 51 4.2.2 POISAR DEPOT 52 4.2.3 MALWANI DEPOT 53 4.3 DEPOT WISE ROUTE INVENTORY 54 4.4 CONCLUSION 57 5. FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS OF EXISTING ROUTES BASED ON NPP 58 6. ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING NETWORK. 61 6.1 HIERARCHY OF TRANSIT LINES 61 6.2 ROUTE SIMPLICITY 64 6.3 OPERATIONAL SPEED 66 6.4 WAIT TIME 68 6.5 ACCESSIBILITY TO STOPS 70 6.6 CONCLUSION OF SHORTCOMINGS 70 7. DEMAND ANALYSIS 72 7.1 DEMAND WITHIN THE STUDY AREA (I-I) 73 7.2 DEMAND FROM WITHIN TO OUTSIDE THE STUDY AREA (I-E) 75 7.3 MAJOR CORRIDORS 75 8. SCENARIO FORMULATION: DEVELOPING NEW ROUTE STRUCTURES 77 8.1 SCENARIOS CREATION 77 8.2 EVALUATION OF THE SCENARIOS 78 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY 85