CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY 2 1.3 AIM 3 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION 3 1.5 OBJECTIVES 4 1.6 SCOPE 4 1.7 LIMITATION 4 1.8 METHODOLOGY 4 1.8.1 Phase 1: 5 1.8.2 Phase 2: 5 2 CHAPTERISATION 8 3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 10 3.1 HISTORY OF REFORMS IN INDIA & GUJARAT 10 3.1.1 Indian governance 10 3.1.2 74th Constitutional Amendment Act: 10 3.1.3 State Municipal Laws: 11 3.1.4 ULBs and Parastatals: 12 3.1.5 SFCs and CFC: 12 3.2 TYPOLOGY OF REFORMS 13 3.3 NEED FOR REFORM 13 3.3.1 Governance and institutional issues to identify 14 3.4 REFORMS IN URBAN GUJARAT 15 3.4.1 1st generation of reform: URIF reform agenda 15 3.4.2 2nd generation reform: Earthquake reconstruction programme 18 3.4.3 3rd generation Reform: Gujarat Integrated Township policy 20 3.4.4 Reform linked city level initiatives in Gujarat 23 4 JNNURM MISSION 26 4.1 THE FRAMEWORK OF THE SCHEME 26 4.2 REFORM AGENDA 27 4.3 FUNDING PATTERN 28 4.4 MONITORING FRAMEWORK 28 4.5 REFORMS 29 4.5.1 State level reform 30 5 AMRUT SCHEME 37 5.1 INTRODUCTION 37 5.1.1 Thrust areas of AMRUT scheme 37 5.1.2 Coverage: 38 5.1.3 AMRUT Attributes 38 5.1.4 Funding pattern 38 5.1.5 Planning & monitoring 39 5.2 REFORMS 39 6 JNNURM APPRAISAL REPORT CARD 44 6.1 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF JNNURM IN BJP RULED STATES, PUBLIC POLICY RESEARCH CENTRE, NEW DELHI 44 6.1.1 E-Governance Set up: Karnataka: Implemented in 213 ULBs and 29 Districts of Karnataka. 45 6.1.2 JnNURM scheme: Appraisal by secondary data 46 6.2 AHMEDABAD: JNNURM PROJECTS 48 6.2.1 Institutional Structure 48 6.3 APPRAISAL OF IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS OF REFORMS 49 7 SITE VISIT: SURAT MUNICIPAL COOPERATION 51 7.1 RESPONSIBLE HEAD PERSON FOR EACH REFORM IN SMC 52 8 DATA ANALYSIS 55 8.1 EVALUATION OF PRESENT CONDITION OF REFORM AT ULB LEVEL 55 8.1.1 Property Tax 55 8.1.2 User charges 58 8.1.3 Municipal Accounting 59 8.1.4 Provision for Basic service to urban poor 62 8.1.5 Internal earmarking of funds for services to urban poor 66 8.1.6 E-Governance 67 8.1.7 Revision of building bye-laws to streamline approvals. 70 8.1.8 Bye-laws to make rain water harvesting. 72 8.1.9 Earmarking at least 20-25% of developed land in all housing projects for EWS category 73 8.1.10 Bye-laws for reuse of recycled water 76 8.1.11 Administrative reform 77 8.1.12 Structural reform 80 8.1.13 Encouraging public private partnership 83 8.1.14 Evaluation of state level reform 84 8.1.15 Implementation of 74th constitutional amendment act 84 9 PROPOSAL 85 10 .RECOMMENDATION 91 ANNEXURE 93 REFERENCE 95