CONTENTS Preface vii List of Illustrations xix 1. Background: Geography and History 1 Introduction 3 Main Sources of History of the State 3 Geography 4 Towns of the State 4 Brief History 6 Ancient Period 6 Sultanate Period 6 Mughal Period 6 Sikh Period 7 Raja Pahar Singh 8 Raja Wazir Singh 9 Raja Bikram Singh 9 Raja Balbir Singh 10 Council of Regency 12 Raja Brij Indar Singh 12 Council of Administration 12 Raja Har Indar Singh 13 Population and its Composition 14 Genealogical Table 16 Languages 17 Crops 18 Famines 18 Land Revenue 18 Other Sources of State Income 18 Wages & Prices 19 2. Architectural Analysis 27 Architectural Background 29 Climatic Factors 31 Building Materials 32 Stone 32 Brick 32 Terracotta 33 Mortar 33 Plaster chunam 33 Kankar 33 Wood 33 Iron & Steel 34 Glass 34 Architectural Elements 34 Pillars, Piers and Pilasters 34 Arches 35 Domes and Shikharas 35 Other Vaulting Systems 36 Verandahs 36 Lattices 36 Cornices 37 Pinnacles, Urns & Chhatris 37 Pediments 37 Architectural Decoration 37 Modes of Decoration 37 Themes of Decoration 40 Inscriptions 41 Language and script 41 Technique 41 Period 41 Patronage 42 Department of Building Construction 42 Architects and Craftsmen 43 3. Forts and Royal Palaces 47 Fort and its Buildings, Faridkot 49 Fort and Palace, Kot Kapura 70 Sarkari Bagh [now Government Girls Secondary School], Kot Kapura 72 Raj Mahal, Faridkot 74 Council Kothi, Faridkot 79 Fairy Cottage, Bir Chahal 83 Kothi Araish Ganj [now Residence, Senior Superintendant of Police], Faridkot 85 Kothi Pari Mahal, Faridkot 86 Kothi Muzang, Lahore 87 B uildings Kenilworth, Sherwood, and Cosynook, Mashobra (Himachal Pradesh) 89 Kothi, Kasauli (Himachal Pradesh) 89 Kothi, Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) 90 Faridkot House, Delhi 90 4. Buildings for State Machinery 95 Central Administrative Office 97 Secretariat Building / Durbar Hall [now District Courts], Faridkot 97 Guest Houses 101 Kothi/Rest House Darbarganj, Faridkot 101 Dak Bangla, Faridkot 103 New Guest House/Lal Kothi [now Residence, Chief Judicial Magistrate], Faridkot 104 Granaries 105 Dane Granaries (Elevator), Faridkot 105 Arnold Storage, Faridkot 107 Stables 109 Phil Khana (Elephant Stable), Faridkot 109 Stables, Faridkot 109 Stud Stables, Sikhanwala Bir 110 Security Buildings 112 Police Station, Faridkot 112 Police Station, Kot Kapura 113 State Jail, Faridkot 113 Jail, Faridkot 115 Model Cantonments, Faridkot 115 Factories 118 State Distillery, Faridkot 118 Starch Factory, Faridkot 120 Faridkot Glass Wares Factory, Faridkot 120 Screw Factory [now Amar Ashram], Faridkot 121 Miscellaneous 122 Davies Model Agriculture Farm, Faridkot 122 Faridkot State Press/Balbir Press 125 [now Government Elementary School], Faridkot State Water Works and Electricity Supply Buildings, Faridkot 126 Farashkhana, Faridkot 127 Hangar (Aerodrome), Faridkot 127 State Bank [now District Treasury], Faridkot 129 5. Public Secular Buildings 133 Education & Sports 135 Anatomy Block, Lahore Medical College [now King Edward Medical University], Lahore 136 Brijindra College & Balbir High School Complex, Faridkot 136 [Government College of Education], Faridkot 139 Manjitindra High School [now Government Secondary Boys School], Kot Kapura 142 [District Institute of Elementary Training (DIET)], Faridkot 143 Rani Narinder Kaur Girls High School, Faridkot 144 Rao Brar High School [now Government Secondary School], Matta 144 Balbir Public Library, Faridkot 145 Victory Stadium [now Nehru Stadium], Faridkot 147 Public Health 149 Dawakhana/Mahafizkhana, Faridkot 149 Dispensary, Kot Kapura 149 Lady Dane Rani Suraj Kaur Zenana Hospital [now the Office, 151 District Health Officer], Faridkot Mardana Hospital, Faridkot 153 Harindra Hospital [now Civil Hospital], Faridkot 154 Queen Mary's General Hospital [now Civil Hospital], Kot Kapura 158 Rallewala Veterinary Hospital [Veterinary Hospital], Kot Kapura 161 Grain Markets 162 Grain Market, Faridkot 162 Bikram Mandi [Grain Market], Kot Kapura 163 Miscellaneous 164 Bazaars, Faridkot 164 Sarai, Faridkot 165 Model Village, Kot Kapura 165 Orphanage [now Police Lines], Faridkot 165 Victoria Clock Tower, Faridkot 167 Baradari and Tank, Faridkot 169 Waiting Room, Faridkot 170 Gateways of the Walled Town, Faridkot 170 Gateway on Railway Road (Near Courts) [now Nehru Gate], Faridkot 170 Gateway, Harindar Nagar, Faridkot 172 Jubilee Cinema, Faridkot 172 6. Residential Buildings 177 Kothi, Naraingarh 179 Kothi of Sardar Fateh Singh, Faridkot 180 Kothi of Chief Medical Officer, Faridkot 181 Kothi of Lady Doctor [now Residence, Chief Medical Officer], Faridkot 181 Kothi Bandmaster [now Office, Section Engineer, Water Supply and 184 Sanitation, Faridkot [So-called SDO's Kothi], Faridkot 184 Kothi Balbirganj, Faridkot 184 Urban Architecture 187 Haveli of Seth Bhani Sahai/Unchi Haveli, Kot Kapura 187 Rural Residential Buildings 189 7. Memorials 191 Memorial Commemorating Event 193 Investiture Gate, Faridkot 193 Memorials Commemorating Persons 194 Samadh of Jodh Shaheed, Kot Kapura 194 Samadh of Gulab Singh, Faridkot 196 Shahi Samadhs, Faridkot 197 Samadh of Raja Wazir Singh, Thanesar 199 Samadhi of Seth Kedar Nath, Kot Kapura 201 8. Public Religious Buildings 205 Religious Buildings of the Sikhs 207 Gurdwara Lohgarh, Dina 207 Gurdwara Shaheed Ganj, Muktsar 208 Gurdwara Guru Gobind Singh, Mehma Sarja 212 Gurdwara Guru Hargobind, Srinagar 212 Langar Building, Darbar Sahib, Amritsar 212 State Dharmshala, Faridkot 213 Tank, Gurdwara Zamin Sahib, Bazidpur (District Ferozepur) 215 Gurdwara Das win Patshahi, Kot Kapura 217 Dera Baba Hans Raj Udasin [Baba Singlanwala], Kot Kapura 218 Dera Suthreshahi, Kot Kapura 219 Religious Buildings of the Muslims 220 Chilla Baba Farid, Faridkot 220 Jami Mosque, Faridkot 221 Idgah, Faridkot 223 Mosque Near Chilla Baba Farid, Faridkot 227 Mosque in Dogar Basti, Faridkot 230 Religious Buildings of the Hindus 232 Dera Nandeana, Faridkot 232 Dera Daryagir, Kot Kapura 234 Kalimata Temple, Kot Kapura 236 Mata Vaishnodevi Temple, Kot Kapura 236 Thakurdwara [Dera Baba Dhari Ram], Faridkot 237 Temple Pujarian/ Thakurdwara, Kot Kapura 240 Devidwara, Faridkot 241 Dharmshala and Radha Krishan Mandir Complex of Seth Jiwan Ram Ji 241 Kedar Nath Khemka, Kot Kapura Shiv Temple, Faridkot 245 Temple Sat Narain, Faridkot 246 Hanuman Mandir, Faridkot 247 Temple and Dharmshala Seth Dhannu Mal, Kot Kapura 249 Dera Baba Dudhadhari, Kot Kapura 251 Dera Nihal Das, Kot Kapura 252 Dera Manglanand, Kot Kapura 254 Epilogue 257 Appendix 261 Glossary 267 Bibliography 271 Index 277