CONTENTS Summary 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 5 5 1.1 Background 5 5 1.2 Scope 5 5 1.3 Approach 5 Chapter 2 Root Causes of Cargo Tank Truck Rollovers 7 2.1 The Crash Data Set 7 2.1.1 TIFA-Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents 7 2.1.2 HMIRS-Hazardous Material Information Resource System 8 2.1.3 MCMIS-Motor Carrier Management Information System 8 2.1.4 PARs-Police Accident Reports 8 2.2 Analysis Framework 8 2.3 Summary of Findings from the Root Cause Analysis 10 2.3.1 PAR Findings 10 2.3.2 TIFA Findings 10 2.3.3 Summary of Key Findings 11 Chapter 3 Driver Cultural and Lifestyle Practices13 3.1 PAR Analysis Conclusions 13 3.2 TIFA Conclusions 13 3.3 Prior TRB Synthesis Research 13 Chapter 4 Good Practices of the Cargo Tank Truck Industry 18 4.1 Results of the Interviews 18 4.1.1 Opportunities for Improvement 18 4.1.2 Operations 19 4.1.3 Fitness for Duty 19 4.1.4 Hiring and Initial Training 20 4.2 Noteworthy Emerging Practices 20 Chapter 5 Good Practices of Other Industries and Countries 22 5.1 Unique Practices and Circumstances of Overseas Operations 22 5.2 Industries Other than Cargo Tank Motor Vehicles 23 5.2.1 Culture 23 5.2.2 Hiring and Training 24 5.2.3 Operations 24 5.3 Lessons from a Prior Study of Disasters 25 Chapter 6 Case Studies 27 6.1 Case Study 1: Training and Safety Programs 27 6.1.1 Overview 27 6.1.2 Case Study Methodology 27 6.1.3 VicRoads 28 6.1.4 Components of a Good Overall Safety Program 30 6.1.5 Finding the Root Causes of Rollovers 32 6.1.6 List of Available Rollover Training Materials 35 6.1.7 Rollover Crash Location Data 35 6.2 Case Study 2: Behavior Management Processes 36 6.2.1 Case Study Methodology 37 6.2.2 Lessons from Transportation Sectors Other Than Cargo Tank Trucks 37 6.2.3 Identification38 6.2.4 Tools for Observation 38 6.2.5 Methods of Analysis 42 6.2.6 Approaches to Correction 43 6.2.7 Continued Monitoring 43 6.2.8 Implementing a Behavior Management Process 43 6.3 Case Study 3: Fitness-for-Duty Management Programs 45 6.3.1 Overview 45 6.3.2 Key Industry Initiatives in Fitness-for-Duty Management 46 6.3.3 Good Practices in the Cargo Tank Truck and Other Industries 48 6.3.4 Key Components of the Fitness-for-Duty Program 52 Chapter 7 Conclusions and Recommendations 54 7.1 Root Driver-Related Factors 54 7.2 Best Safety Practices for Drivers and Carriers 55 7.3 Recommendations for Future Work 56 References 57 Glossary 59 Appendices 61