CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2 1.1 Significance of the study 2 1.2 Research questions 3 1.3 Aim 3 1.4 Objectives 3 1.5 Analytical framework and Methodology 3 2. Service Level Benchmarking and Municipal Budgeting 6 2.1 `Significance Service Level Benchmarking 6 2.1.1 Decision Making Mechanism 6 2.1.2 SLB’s as cornerstone in Infrastructure Programmes 9 2.2 Local Action Indicators in Sanitation 9 2.3 Linking of SLB’s with Municipal Budgeting 10 2.4 Sanitation scenario in ULB’s in India 11 2.5 Urban Local Body Finances 13 2.5.1 Evolution & Role 13 2.5.2 Municipal Structure 14 2.5.3 What is a Government Budget? 15 2.5.4 Central-Local Relations 15 2.5.5 State-Local Relation: State Finance Commission 15 2.5.6 Inter-Government Fiscal transfers 16 2.5.7 Finances of ULB 17 3. City Profile of Mumbai 20 3.1 Existing SLB’s For Sewerage Sector in Mumbai 20 3.2 Overview of Mumbai 21 3.3 Organisation Set-up of MCGM 24 3.3.1 Legislative Wing 24 3.3.2 Executive Wing 24 3.4 Sewerage & Sanitation Sector in Mumbai 26 3.4.1 History of Sewerage in Mumbai 26 3.4.2 Existing Sewerage System in Mumbai 27 3.4.3 Institutional Structure for Sewerage Sector in MCGM 29 3.5 City Finances 32 3.5.1 Structure of Municipal Budget 32 3.5.2 Size of Municipal Budget 34 3.5.3 MCGM Income & Expenditure Details 34 3.5.4 Expenditure in Water Supply & Sewage Disposal Department 38 3.6 Budget Making Process in MCGM 39 3.6.1 Budget Formulation 39 3.6.2 Budget Enactment 42 3.6.3 Key Observations of MCGM Budget 43 4. Access to Toilets 46 4.1 Role of MCGM 46 4.1.1 Slum Sanitation Programme 46 4.1.2 Status of Community Toilet Construction under SSP 49 4.1.3 Challenges in Implementation 50 4.2 Toilets under Swacch Bharat Mission 51 4.3 Coverage of Toilets 53 4.4 Budget Allocation and Expenditure on Access to Toilets 55 4.4.1 Construction of Community Toilet Blocks 55 4.4.2 Repair & Maintenance of Existing CT Blocks 56 5. Conveyance of Waste Water 60 5.1 Role of MCGM 60 5.2 Waste Water Generation in Mumbai 62 5.2.1 Status of Service Level Indicator 64 5.2.2 Coverage of Sewerage Network 64 5.2.3 Collection Efficiency of Sewage 66 5.2.4 Efficiency in Redressal of Customer complaints 68 5.3 Budget Allocation and Expenditure 69 5.3.1 Laying of Sewer Lines 69 5.3.2 Works in Pumping Stations 70 5.3.3 Cleaning of Common House Gullies 71 5.3.4 Desludging of Septic Tanks 73 5.3.5 Repairs to Small Drains 74 6. Waste Water Treatment, Disposal and Reuse 77 6.1 Role of MCGM 77 6.2 Proposed Projects of Improving Treatment 77 6.3 Status of Service Level Indicator 78 6.3.1 Adequacy of Waste Water Treatment 78 6.3.2 Extent of Waste Water Reuse & Recycling 79 6.4 Budget Allocation and Expenditure 80 6 KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 84 6.1 Findings on Sewerage Service Level Benchmarks 84 6.1.1 Data Constraints in Measurement 84 6.2 Findings on Budget Allocation Process 87 6.3 Conclusions 89 Bibliography 91