CONTENT Introduction 07 Intention 12 Objectives 12 Scope and Limitation 12 Literature Survey 12 Methodology 13 JAINISM AND DHARMASHALA : the philosophical and the physical 1.1 Introduction to Jain Ideology 17 1.1.1 Suffering and way out of it 19 1.1.2 The ultimate goal of life 22 1.1.3 Jain Ethics and Fundamentals of Jain philosophy 26 1.2 Jain pilgrimage and Tirth: In memory and celebration of Jinas 29 1.3 Dharmashala 31 1.3.1 Jain Dharmasthanak 31 1.3.2 Atmosphere observed in Dharmasthanak 37 1.3.3 Daily schedule of activities and provision of facilities and its usage 37 1.3.4 Importance of Tirth and role of dharmashala in Jain context 40 1.4 Canonical Principles of Jainism in making Dharmasthanak 42 1.5 Summary 46 1 2.1 Region of Kutch - Geographical and climatic features 51 2.2 History of Jainism in Kutch 54 2.2.1 Religious Emotions, Sites of religious importance and religious co-exisitence 56 2.2.2 People and their place 56 2.3 Abdasa Taluka and Mandvi 57 2.3.1 Its importance as Pilgrimage center (Panch Tirthi) 59 2.4 Architecture of Kutch 62 2.4.1 Vernacular Architecture 63 2.4.2 Dwellings 63 2.4.3 Selection Criteria of Case studies 64 2.4.4 Case studies 64 Villages - Ratnal 66 - Bhujpar 68 Town - Mandvi 70 2.4.5 Inferences 73 KUTCH AND 2 ITS PECULIARITIES 4 Expression of Jainism in architecture of jain dharmashalas of Kutch DHARMASHALA; AS AN ARCHITECTURAL TYPE 3.1 Case study Selection criteria 85 3.2 Case studies 85 Case 1 dharmashala at village Jakhau 88 Case 2 dharmashala at village Suthari 114 Case 3 dharmashala at Mandvi 139 3.2.1 Manifestation and extent of application of canonical rules of Jainism on dharmashalas 3.2.2 Generic study 3.2.3 Influence of generic dwelling type of coastal kutch on dharmashalas 3.2.4 Expression of Colonial stylistic influence on aesthetics of dharmashalas 3 4 CONCLUSION 4.1 Inferences 162 4.2 Conclusion 171 Bibliography 174 Appendix 178 Glossary 180 Illustration Credits 183 Acknowledgement 186