CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Introduction: What's the Point? xi PART I: FOUNDERS 1 1 Edward Tylor: The Evolution of Culture 5 2 Lewis Henry Morgan: The Evolution of Society 18 3 Franz Boas: Culture in Context 33 4 Emile Durkheim: The Organic Society 46 PART II: THE NATURE OF CULTURE 61 5 Alfred Kroeber: Configurations of Culture 65 6 Ruth Benedict: Patterns of Culture 78 7 Edward Sapir: Culture, Language, and the Individual 88 8 Margaret Mead: The Individual and Culture 104 PART III: THE NATURE OF SOCIETY 117 9 Marcel Mauss: Elemental Categories, Total Facts 121 10 Bronislaw Malinowski: The Functions of Culture 134 11 A. R. Radclifle-Brown: The Structures of Society 147 12 Edward Evans-Pritchard: Social Anthropology, Social History 161 PART IV: EVOLUTIONARY, ADAPTATIONIST, AND MATERIALIST THEORIES 175 13 Leslie White: Evolution Emergent 179 14 Julian Steward: Cultural Ecology and Multilinear Evolution 194 15 Marvin Harris: Cultural Materialism 204 16 Eleanor Burke Leacock: Feminism, Marxism, and History 217 PART V: STRUCTURES, SYMBOLS, AND MEANING 227 17 Claude Levi-Strauss: Structuralism 231 18 Victor Turner: Symbols, Pilgrims, and Drama 247 19 Clifford Geertz: An Interpretive Anthropology 259 20 Mary Douglas: Symbols and Structures, Pollution and Purity 272 PART VI: STRUCTURES, PRACTICE, AGENCY, POWER 289 21 James Fernandez: The Play of Tropes 295 22 Sherry Ortner: Symbols, Gender, Practice 307 23 Pierre Bourdieu: An Anthropology of Practice 325 24 Eric Wolf: Culture, History, Power 343 25 Marshall Sahlins: Culture Matters 365 Postscript: Current Controversies 385 Index 393 About the Author 399