CONTENTS List of Figures ix List of Tables xi Acknowledgements xiii Preface xvii THEORY 1 TWO INTER-LOCKING THEORIES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT 1. Death of the City? 1 2. A General Model of City Dynamics 3 3. The Long Waves of City Development 6 4. City Dynamics 11 Commerce 11 Culture 13 Built Form 15 Technology 18 Environment 24 Governance 25 Property Booms 27 5. Old Money and New Work 28 PART I: ECONOMY 31 THE NEW ECONOMY AND THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES 1. The Economy of Cities 31 2. Knowledge Economies and Creative Cities 38 3. The Cultural or Creative Industries 43 Film and Television 62 The Music Industry 65 The Design Industries 67 4. The Rise of London's Creative Industries 1982-2002 68 5 The Creative Industries anH the Fifth Wave 79 6 Developing the Creative Industries Locally 83 PART II: CULTURE 91 ART AND THE CITY 1. Artistic Creativity 92 2. Art Movements as Paradigms 98 Composition 98 Literature 106 3. Cities and Artistic Creativity 113 Florence: Renaissance 113 Amsterdam: New Wealth and Old Masters 116 Edinburgh: Enlightenment 120 London and Paris: A Tale of Two Cities 125 New York: High Modernity 132 The Swinging Sixties 137 4. The Arts and Urban Regeneration 143 The Arts Come to Town 143 Manchester's Cultural Revival 148 5. Conclusion: Artistic Creativity and the Long Waves 163 PART III: TIME 171 .. AND THE REGULATION OF PUBLIC MORALITY On Time 172 1. Urban Social Life and the Evening Economy 178 Public Social Life 179 The Evening Economy \ 84 Born to Binge? 187 2. Cities of the Night 193 London Entertained , 193 Shanghai: The Whore of the East 201 Berlin 203 3. The Problem of Regulation: Case Studies 204 Amsterdam 204 Berlin 206 Paris 207 New York 208 Melbourne 210 Manchester 211 4. Future Forms of Regulation in the UK? 214 5. Time, Morality and the Long Wave 223 Contents vii PART IV: PLACE 231 THE ART OF PLAGE-MAKING AND URBAN DESIGN A New Kind of Mental Map? 231 1. Stories, Stones and Memories 232 2. Losing the Place 236 Still Sidmouth 240 3. City Design 245 Barcelona: A Tradition of City Building 245 Portland, Oregon: An Alternative Model for U.S. Cities 251 Marvellous Melbourne 253 Copenhagen 260 Lyon 264 4. Urban Design 267 Activity 271 Image 271 Form 272 City Making 275 5. Places in the Fifth Wave 290 PART V: CREATIVE MILIEUX 299 QUARTERS AND CLUSTERS 1. Creative Milieux299 2. Cultural Quarters 304 Paris 310 SoHo 313 South Bank, London 314 Pittsburgh Triangle 320 3. Planned Cultural and Creative Industry Quarters 322 Temple Bar, Dublin 322 Sheffield Cultural Industries Quarter 329 Manchester Northern Quarter 333 Hindley Street, Adelaide 336 Wood Green Cultural Industries Quarter 339 Recent European Examples 342 4. A Typology for Developing Creative Quarters 346 5 Dynativp Milieu in the Fifth Wave 358 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 363 CITIES OF THE FIFTH WAVE A Conclusion 363 Summary Argument 364 Fifth Wave Cities 368 Urban Planning in the Fifth Wave 371 Renaissance or Enlightenment? 379 Appendix A : City Night-time Policy Frameworks 387 Appendix B: Cultural Quarters Evaluation Matrix - Cultural Activity 401 Bibliography 417 Index 431