CONTENTS Preface v 1.Development Communication 1 Trends in Development Communication 1 A Call for Participation. 3 Defining Participation 4 Conceptual Challenges in a Participatory Communication Model 7 Notes 8 2. Participatory Communication. 9 History and Vision : A Snapshot. 9 Conceptual Framework 10 Participatory Spaces : The Role of the Media 12 Combining Theory with Practice : The Multi-Track Model 13 Notes 16 3. Applying Participatory Communication in Development Projects 17 Participatory Communication in Action. 17 The Four Phases of the Communication Program Cycle. 20 Notes 36 4. Participatory Communication in Civil Society 37 Women, Healthy Lifestyles and Community Empowerment 37 Youth and Participatory Governance 39 Disability, Social Mobilization and Bottom-Up Advocacy 43 Lessons Learned 46 References 49