CONTENTS Acknowledgments xi About the Author xiii Abbreviations xv Chapter 1: Introduction: Culture and Services 1 Background and Definitions 1 Purpose and Organization 4 Chapter 2: Cultural Diversity and Public Policy 7 Migrations, Minorities, and the Demand for Cultural Recognition 8 A Growing International Recognition of Cultural Rights 12 A New Paradigm: The Concept of Multicultural Citizenship 14 Managing Cultural Diversity through Public Policy 18 Significance of Cultural Diversity in Making Public Policy for Development and Poverty Reduction 23 The Risks of Taking Culture into Account in Developing Public Policy 27 Chapter 3: Cultural Diversity and Service Delivery 31 Education 31 Health Care 40 Cultural Services 46 Delivering Services through Traditional Local Governance Systems 50 Chapter 4: Designing and Implementing Policies That Support Cultural Diversity in Service Delivery 57 A Conceptual Framework to Guide Policies 58 No Universal Solutions 60 Understanding Political Motivations 61 Integrated and Multisectoral Approaches 62 Establishing National Frameworks for Managing Cultural Diversity 64 Establishing Clarity in Decentralization Frameworks 65 Involvement of Concerned Sociocultural Groups 66 Balance between Citizens' Rights and Cultural Rights 68 Socioeconomic Conditions 69 Cost of Multicultural Programs 70 Long-Term Investments and Strategies 72 Evaluation 73 Chapter 5: Adapting Services to a Diverse Society 75 Appendix: What Is Cultural Identity? 79 Bibliography 83 Index 91