Table of Contents 1 CHAPTER: NEED OF SHELTER AFFORDABILITY 6 1.1 Affordability of shelter 7 1.2 Need for affordable housing in India 8 1.3 Different Income categories and housing shortage 9 1.4 Research objective 10 1.5 Scope and limitation 11 1.5.1 Scope of research 11 1.6 Analytical Framework 12 2 CHAPTER: LITERATURE REVIEW 14 2.1.1 National Habitat and Housing policy of 1998 15 2.1.2 National Urban habitat and Housing Policy of 2007 15 2.2 Overview of Five year plan 16 2.2.1 Phase I (1951-1966) 16 2.2.2 Phase II (1969-1990) 18 2.2.3 Phase III (1990-2012) 20 2.3 State and market in housing delivery for low-income groups 23 3 CHAPTER: STUDY AREA. 25 3.1 Context of Study-Chennai Metropolitan Area 27 3.2 Demographic and economic base of Chennai 27 3.3 Planning efforts for housing 28 3.4 Housing Scenario 29 3.5 Housing providers 34 3.6 Housing Demand and Supply 35 4 CHAPTER: RESEARCH DESIGN 39 4.1 Sampling Frame 40 4.2 Sample Size 40 4.3 Sampling Distribution 40 4.4 Household schedules 43 4.5 Method of analysis 44 5 CHAPTER: HOUSING AFFORDABILITY 45 5.1 Concept of Shelter affordability 46 5.2 Approach to measure affordability 47 5.3 Expenditure Benchmark 48 5.4 Derived Definition 49 6 CHAPTER: PUBLIC HOUSING AND AFFORDABILITY 51 6.1 Formal housing provision for urban poor 52 6.2 Housing supply system at Chennai 52 6.3 Socio-Economic background of public housing 55 6.4 Location and Housing Preferences 56 6.5 Affordability of occupants in public housing 57 6.5.1 Size of Dwelling unit, Typology and Preference of ownership 57 6.5.2 Residual Income 60 6.5.3 Minimum Per capita and expenditure 60 6.6 Summary 61 Indicators that affect Affordability 61 7 CHAPTER: PRIVATE COOPERATIVE HOUSING AND AFFORDABILITY 62 7.1 Socio-Economic background of private housing 63 7.2 Location and Housing Preferences 64 7.2.1 Residual Income. 65 7.2.2 Minimum Per capita and expenditure 66 7.3 Summary 66 Indicators that affect Affordability 66 7.4 Affordability of Home owners in Public/Private housing 69 7.4.1 Size of Dwelling unit, Typology and household Preference 69 7.5 Preferred Housing Option 71 7.5.1 Preferred housing tenure 71 7.5.2 Preferred size of dwelling unit 72 7.5.3 Preferred component of unit 73 7.5.4 Summary: Affordable housing options 74 7.5.5 Preferred Unit Price 75 8 CHAPTER: MARKET 76 8.1 Market Analytical tread 77 8.2 Issues in the land market 77 8.3 Market constraints of providing affordable housing 78 8.3.1 Public Sector 78 8.3.2 Private Sector 78 8.3.3 Initiatives required for private sector 82 9 CHAPTER: ACTION PLAN 85 9.1 Affordable Housing options for LIG/MIG 86 9.2 Role of private sector 88 9.3 Government Intervention 89 9.4 Short term Measure 90 On-site Land titling and Up gradation 90 9.5 Long Term Measure 90 10 Bibliography 92 Annexure: 94