CONTENTS Introduction, xiii 1. The Motivation and Leadership of Technical Professionals The Motivation of Professionals, 3 1. Motivating Professionals in Organizations, 3 Ralph Katz 2. How Bell Labs Creates Star Performers, 21 Robert Kelley and Janet Caplan 3. Organizational Socialization and the Reduction of Uncertainty, 34 Ralph Katz The Management of Creativity in Organizations, 48 4. Managing Creative Professionals, 48 Albert Shapero 5. How to Manage Geeks, 56 Russ Mitchell 6. Managing Creativity: A Japanese Model, 62 Min Basadur 1. Managing Innovation: When Less Is More, 74 Charlan Jeanne Nemeth The Transition from Technical Specialist to Managerial Leader, 86 8. Why Managers Fail, 86 Michael K. Badawy 9. How Do You Feel?, 94 Tony Schwartz 10. Beyond the Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change, 103 David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman 11. The Management of Innovative Groups and Project Teams The Management of High-Performing Technical Teams, 121 11. How a Team at Digital Equipment Designed the 'Alpha' Chip, 121 Ralph Katz 12. The Java Saga, 134 David Bank 13. Hot Groups, 143 Harold J. Leavitt and Jean Lipman-Blumen The Management of Cross-Functional Groups and Project Teams, 151 14. The Discipline of Teams, 151 Jon R. Katzenbach and Douglas K. Smith 15. Managing Creative Performance in R&D Teams, 161 Ralph Katz Managing Organizational Roles and Structures in Project Groups, 171 16. Organizing and Leading Heavyweight Development Teams, 171 Kim B. Clark and Steven C. Wheelwright 17. Lessons for an Accidental Profession, 186 Jeffrey K. Pinto and Om P. Kharbanda 18. How Project Performance Is Influenced by the Locus of Power in the R&D Matrix, 198 Ralph Katz and Thomas J. Alien III.Leadership Roles in the Innovation Process Formal Problem-Solving Roles in Leading Innovation, 215 19. Enlightened Experimentation: The New Imperative for Innovation, 215 Stefan Thomke 20. Product-Development Practices That Work: How Internet Companies Build Software, 227 Alan MacCormack 21. Meeting the Challenge of Global Challenge of Global Team Management, 239 Edward F. McDonough III and David Cedrone Informal Critical Roles in Leading Innovation, 246 22. Critical Functions: Needed Roles in the Innovation Process, 246 Edward B. Roberts and Alan R. Fusfeld 23. Innovation Through Intrapreneuring, 261 Gifford Pinchot HI 24. Virtual Teams: Technology and the Workplace of the Future, 269 Anthony Townsend, Samuel DeMarie, and Anthony Hendrickson IV. Managing Knowledge Work Within Innovative Organizations Managing Technical Communications and Technology Transfer, 285 25. Distinguishing Science from Technology, 285 Thomas J. Alien 26. Communication Networks in R&D Laboratories, 298 Thomas J. Alien 27. A Study of the Influence of Technical Gatekeeping on Project Performance and Career Outcomes in an R&D Facility, 309 Ralph Katz and Michael L. Tushman 28. Why Information Technology Inspired but Cannot Deliver Knowledge Management, 325 Richard McDermott Managing Performance and Productivity in Technical Groups and Organizational Settings, 336 29. Project Management Scorecard, 336 Dennis P. Slevin 30. Measuring R&D Effectiveness, 357 Robert Szakonyi 31. Assessing the Value of Your Technology, 373 James W. Tipping, Eugene Zeffren, and Alan R. Fusfeld 32. Metrics to Evaluate RD&E, 393 John Hauser and Florian Zettelmeyer V. Managing Innovative Climates in Organizations Creating Innovative Climates, 405 33. A Skunkworks Tale, 405 Thomas J. Peters 34. The One-Firm Firm: What Makes It Successful, 414 David H. Maister 35. 3M's Post-it Notes: A Managed or Accidental Innovation?, 425 P. Ranganath Nayak and John Ketteringham 36. Making Teflon Stick, 436 Anne Cooper Funderburg Maintaining Innovative Climates, 444 37. That's Easy for You to Say, 444 Lucien Rhodes 38. Organizational Issues in the Introduction of New Technologies, 450 Ralph Katz and Thomas J. Alien 39. Implementing Radical Innovation in Mature Firms: The Role of Hubs, 464 Richard Leifer, Gina Colarelli O 'Connor, and Mark Rice 40. Dreams to Market: Grafting a Culture of Innovation, 478 Karen Anne Zien and Sheldon A. Buckler VI.The Management of Organizational Processes for Innovation Decision-Making Processes, 497 41. Managing Organizational Deliberations in Nonroutine Work, 497 William A. Pasmore 42. Speed and Strategic Choice: How Managers Accelerate Decision Making, 508 Kathleen M. Eisenhardt 43. Vasa 'Syndrome: Insights from a Seventeenth-Century New Product Disaster, 519 Eric H. Kessler, Paul E. Bierly III, and Shanthi Gopalakrishnan Organizational Practices, Policies, and Rewards 533 44. Winning the Talent War for Women, 533 Douglas M. McCracken 45. Danger: Toxic Company, 540 Alan M. Webber 46. Managing Dual Ladder Systems in RD&E Settings, 545 Ralph Katz and Thomas J. Alien Managing Across Functions for Rapid Product Development, 560 47. A Six-Step Framework for Becoming a Fast-Cycle-Time Competitor, 560 Christopher Meyer 48. Shortening the Product Development Cycle, 573 Preston G. Smith and Donald G. Reinertsen 49. First to Market, First to Fail? Real Causes of Enduring Market Leadership, 583 Gerard J. Tellis and Peter N. Colder VII. Managing the Innovation Process in Organizations Managing Cross-Functional Relationships to Enhance New Product Development, 599 50 Managing Relations Between R&D and Marketing in New Product Development Projects, 599 William E. Souder 51. Examining Some Myths About New Product Winners, 611 Robert G. Cooper 52. The Rules of Innovation, 622 Clayton Christensen Managing User Innovation for New Product Development, 628 53. Product Concept Development Through the Lead-User Method, 628 Eric von Hippel and Ralph Katz 54. Shifting Innovation to Users Through Toolkits, 642 Eric von Hippel and Ralph Katz Organizational Frameworks for Innovation and New Product Development, 655 55. Modular Platforms and Innovation Strategy, 655 Marc H. Meyer and Alvin P. Lehnerd 56. The Elements of Platform Leadership, 675 Michael A. Cusumano and Annabelle Gawer 51. Managing Technological Innovation in Organizations, 685 Ralph Katz 58. Ally or Acquire? How Technology Leaders Decide, 701 Edward B. Roberts and Wenyun Kathy Liu Index, 711