CONTENTS Notes on contributors ix Foreword xi JEREMY TILL Preface xiii PAUL JENKINS, LESLIE FORSYTH, TIM SHARPE AND MARTIN EDGE Acknowledgements xvii Illustration credits xviii List of abbreviations xix Introduction 1 PAUL JENKINS PART I Background, context and analytical framework 7 1. Concepts of social participation in architecture 9 PAUL JENKINS Introduction 9 Initial identification of key issues 10 The nature of wider literature sources 11 Conceptual and analytical issues 13 The changing architectural process 18 Concluding remarks 21 2. A brief historical review of community technical aid and community architecture 23 PAUL JENKINS, JOANNE MILNER AND TIM SHARPE Introduction 23 Origins of community technical aid and architecture 24 What is community architecture and how does it differ from community technical aid? 26 Community architecture and community technical aid in the 1970s and 1980s 30 An analysis of the UK experience of community engagement in architecture 36 3. International experience 39 PAUL JENKINS AND MARCIA PEREIRA Introduction 39 USA 39 US-Europe cross-inspiration 40 University-affiliated CDCs 43 Independent non-profit CDCs 43 Volunteer organisations 44 Other forms of architecture participation 45 Brazil 47 South Africa 53 Conclusions 57 4. Wider scoping of relevant literature 60 PAUL JENKINS, MARCIA PEREIRA AND LEANNE TOWNSEND Introduction 60 Identification of key issues 61 Conclusion 78 PART II Illustrative case studies 81 5. Case studies of social participation in different building types 83 LESLIE FORSYTH, MARCIA PEREIRA, LEANNE TOWNSEND AND MARTIN EDGE Introduction 83 Canmore Place housing development 84 Kingsdale School regeneration project 89 Lee Valley Millennium Centre 96 Conclusions 101 6. Case studies of organisations with community-based practices 103 LESLIE FORSYTH, MARCIA PEREIRA AND LEANNE TOWNSEND Introduction 103 ASSIST Architects 104 Comtechsa 108 Conclusion 114 7Case studies of architectural educational institutions 116 MARCIA PEREIRA AND LEANNE TOWNSEND Introduction 116 Department of Architecture and Spatial Design, London Metropolitan University 116 School of Architecture, University of Sheffield 121 Conclusion 128 8. Case studies on the use of participatory computer-based techniques 130 MARCIA PEREIRA AND LEANNE TOWNSEND Introduction 130 The Glasgow Model 130 Corn-ton Housing Project, Stirling 133 Conclusion 137 PART III Findings and recommendations 139 9Analysis of findings 141 PAUL JENKINS Objectives and methods of the research 141 Research questions 144 Conceptual and analytical issues 148 Action-oriented issues 153 10. Current challenges and recommendations for the UK 161 PAUL JENKINS AND LESLIE FORSYTH Introduction 161 Participatory workshops 162 Project recommendations 163 Future research ideas 166 Concluding remarks 167 Appendix I: Relevance of the study to the contemporary policy and practice context in Scotland 169 PAUL JENKINS, MARCIA PEREIRA AND TIM SHARPE Appendix II: Institutional resources 174 JOANNE MILNER, MARCIA PEREIRA AND LEANNE TOWNSEND Appendix III : Bibliographic resources 194 References 201 Index 208