CONTENTS FOREWORD i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii LIST OF TABLES xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvi 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Need for Study 1 1.3 Research Questions 2 1.4 Aim 2 1.5 Objectives 2 1.6 Limitation 2 1.7 Approach 3 1.7.1 PRE-FIELD STAGE - Literature Study (Secondary Data) 3 1.7.2 FIELD VISIT (Primary Data) 3 1.7.3 POST-FIELD STAGE - Analysis and Interpretation 4 2 INFORMAL ECONOMY AND INFORMAL SECTOR 5 2.1 Economic activity 5 2.2 The informal sector across time: origins, changes, and developments 6 2.3 Definition of the Informal Sector 9 2.4 Composition of Employment 10 2.5 The Informal Economy 11 2.5.1 What is NOT the Informal Economy? 11 2.5.2 What is the Informal Economy? 12 2.5.3 What Characterizes Informal Employment? 12 2.5.4 Continuum of Economic Relations 12 2.6 Definition of the informal economy 13 2.6.1 Views on the informal economy 13 2.6.2 General characteristics of the informal economy 14 2.6.3 Definition by activities (economic units/enterprises) 14 2.6.4 Definition by employment categories 16 2.6.5 Definition based on the location of informal economy actors 16 2.6.6 Definition by income and employment enhancing potential 17 2.7 Measurement of the informal economy 18 2.7.1 Indirect measurement methods 18 2.7.2 Direct measurement methods 21 2.8 Obstacles faced by informal enterprises 21 2.9 Characteristics and Categorization of Informal Workers in India 23 2.10 Informal Economy and Street Trading 24 3 STREET TRADING 27 3.1 STREET TRADING - GLOBAL SCENARIO 29 3.1.1 Size and Contribution of Street Trade 29 3.1.2 Street Vendors in Durban, South Africa 32 3.2 STREET TRADING - ASIAN SCENARIO 33 3.3 STREET TRADING IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW 35 3.3.1 Indomitable Spirit 35 3.3.2 Socio-Economic view 36 3.3.3 Governance, Municipal Laws and Street Livelihoods29 36 3.3.4 Urban Policies and Town Planning 37 3.3.5 Women Vendors 38 3.3.6 Food Vendors 38 3.3.7 Range of Problems and Challenges in Street Trading 39 3.3.8 Efforts towards enabling Street Trading 40 3.3.9 Few Studies till date 42 3.4 STREET TRADING - BASIC CONCEPTS 43 3.4.1 Definition 43 3.4.2 Classification of Street Vendors 43 3.4.3 Typology of Street Vendors 44 3.5 Street Trading and Street Economy 45 3.6 Markets and Street Trade 46 3.7 Contested Space 47 3.8 Street Vendors and Public Space 48 3.9 Influences over use of Urban Public Space: Economics 49 4 AHMEDABAD - INFORMAL SECTOR & STREET TRADING 51 4.1 Ahmedabad - Economy Structure 51 4.2 Formal and Informal Sector - Income and Employment in Ahmedabad 53 4.3 Ahmedabad - Street Trading 53 4.3.1 Municipal and Police Laws 54 4.3.2 Socio-Economic Study46 54 4.3.3 Social Composition 55 4.3.4 Working Conditions and Income 56 5 SURVEY FINDINGS 57 5.1 Ahmedabad 57 5.2 Approach till Surveys 57 5.3 Selection of the Study area 59 5.4 Area Profile 60 5.4.1 Location and History - 60 5.4.2 Land use typology around 60 5.4.3 Composition economic activities 61 5.5 Surveys 62 5.5.1 Few Stories 62 5.5.2 Data Analysis 63 5.5.3 Users' Survey 69 5.5.4 Findings on the basis of Survey 71 5.6 Conclusion 72 RECOMMENDATIONS AND GUIDELINES 73 REFERENCES 78