CONTENTS preface v 1. introduction 1 Nature and Scope of Urbanization 1 Problems and Issues 9 Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Development 10 Institutional Capacity 11 The Formal and the Informal Private/Community Sector 12 Poverty Alleviation and Urban Economic Development 16 Environment and the Sustainability of Urban Development 18 Human Resource Development and Quality of Life 21 2. urban institutional management 25 Urban Institutions 25 Urban Government 25 Urban Development and the Poor 27 Institutional Framework. 28 The 'Enabling' Paradigm and Urban Institutions 31 Urban Management 32 Goals of Improved Urban Management 33 Organisational and Financial Dimensions 33 Management Strategies for Sustainabte Development 35 3. the globalisation of the urban economy 41 Globalistttion of Urban Issues 41 Global Forces and Structural Changes 42 Innovative Approach in Urban Development Globalisation and the Poor 45 Economic Integration of Developed Countries with Developing Countries 48 Impact of Globalisation on the Cities in South-East Asia 50 Citizens, Cities and Globalisation 51 Municipal Foreign Policy (MFP) 51 Twinning . 52 Implications of Globalisation 53 4.Assistance for urban development 55 Need in the Urban Sector 56 The UN System 57 Multilateral Agencies and IFIs 59 Basic Services 59 Infrastructure 61 Bilateral Assistance 62 Non-Governmental Organisations 65 The Types and Experience of Aid in the Urban Sector 66 Project Aid 66 Technical Assistance 66 Other Forms of Aid 67 5. urbanisation in india 69 Process of Urbanization 70 Urban Agglomeration 70 World Urbanisation 70 Volume and Trend of Urbanisation in India 71 Pace of Urbanisation 73 Urban Morphology 75 Million-Plus Cities in India 77 Component of Urban Growth78 Basic Feature and Pattern of India's Urbanisation 79 Problem of Urbanisation 80 Policy Implication 81 6.Urbanization in China83 International Experience with Urbanization 83 Cities in Development 83 Evolving Urban Hierarchies 84 Rural-urban Divergence and then Convergence 85 Favored Cities and Exclusion 87 The Development of Urban Institutions 87 Distinctive Features of China's Urbanization , 88 The Degree of Urbanization and Urban Growth .88 Large and Growing Urban-Rural Income Gap 90 Too many Cities; too Few People 90 Economic Structure of Cities 90 The Double Divide: Living Conditions of Migrants in Cities 92 Urban Governance 93 The Urban Administrative Hierarchy 93 Policy Options for Urbanization in the Next Decade 95 Harmonious Rural and Urban Development under Rapid Urbanization 95 Remove Barriers to the flow of Rural Surplus Labour to Cities 96 Invest in Rural Labour, migrants, and their children 98 Improve living conditions of migrants 98 Avoid the Emergence of Over-crowded Mega-cities 99 Promote Efficient use of Natural Resources 100 Achieve Food Security 101 City Management 105 Reforming the Urban Administrative Hierarchy .109 7. URBANIZATION IN PAKISTAN , 111 Urban Challenges 112 Infrastructure Deficit 113 Urban Poverty and Unemployment 113 Incoherent Future Ambitions for UrbarfPakistan 113 Devolution Plan 114 * Urban Development Policies 114 Housing and Land Policy 114 Education Policy . 115 Basic Health Policy 115 Infrastructure Deficit 116 Strategies to Enhance Sustainable Urban Development 116 Role of Financial Institutions in Alleviating Poverty 116 Self-sustainable Development 117 Municipal Financial and Institutional Restructuring 117 Institutional Capacity-building of Local Governments 118 Public Community Partnerships118 Revamping Curricula for Urban Development 119 Information and Knowledge Banks 119 8. URBANISATION IN AFGHANISTAN 121 Contextual Analysis 122 Resource Constraints 123 Analysis of Key Strategic Elements and Processes of Success 125 Analysis of Constraints, Restraints and Assumptions 127 Capacity Analysis 130 Security Situation 131 Urban Sector Strategy 132 Core Strategies 132 Cross Cutting Strategies 136 Programming 138 Improve Access to Developed Land, Tenure and Housing 143 Improve Infrastructure and Services 144 9. URBANIZATION IN BANGLADESH 147 Migration and Urbanization 152 Causes of Rural-Urban Migration 156 Origin of Migrants 156 The Migrants 156 Consequences of Migration and Urbanization 158 Positive Consequences 158 Negative Consequences 158 Urbanization Policy Initiatives . 161 Major Trends of Urbanization 163 The Way Forward 164 10. URBANIZATION IN PHILIPPINES 167 Economic Performance 167 Gross Regional Domestic Product 168 Debt and Revenue Trends 168 Investment Trends 168 Banking System 169 Infrastructure 169 Poverty Trends 169 National Regional Development and Decentralization Policies 170 National Regional Development 170 Decentralization and Legislative Framework 171 Regional Planning, Economic Governance, and Financing Regional Development 172 Regional Planning and Management 172 Regional Economic Governance ' . 172 Financing Regional Development 173 The Role of International Aid and Loans in Supporting Regional Development 174 Impediments to Urban Region Development 175 Disparate Planning and Budgeting Process at the National and Local Levels 175 Lack of Orientation to Compete in Global Economy 176 Weak System of Inter-governmental Transfers 176 Inadequate Infrastructure 177 Inadequate Credit and Financial Services 178 Weak Human Capital Development 178 Environmental Degradation 179 Policy and Institutional Deficiencies 179 Good Practice Case Studies 179 BacoIodCity 180 Initiatives and Gains 181 Challenges and Future Directions 183 NagaCity 185 Initiatives and Gains 185 Improving Local Government Capability 186 Challenges and Future Directions 188 Enhancing Sustainable Urban Region Development 189 Provide Enabling Policy Instruments and Institutional Environment 189 Address Issues of Fiscal Sustainability and Intergovernment Fiscal 190 11. URBANIZATION IN VIETNAM 1M Background and Methodology 192 Research Sites 193 Research Methods 194 Research Findings 195 Binh Tan District 196 District 2 i 198 Summary 199 Policy Recommendations for Sustainable Development 200 Credit Policy 201 Science-technology Disseminating Policy 201 Urban Planning Policy 201 Specific Policy Recommendations for Each Urbanizing Area 202 Conclusion 202 CASE STUDIES 203 BIBLIOGRAPHY247 INDEX 255