CONTENTS Foreword ix About the Authors xi Acknowledgments xii Abbreviations xvii Overview 1 Environmental Flows: Science, Decision Making, and Development Assistance 2 Environmental Flow Implementation Case Studies 4 Mainstreaming Implications 6 Notes 9 PART I Context and Rationale CHAPTER 1 Introduction 13 The World Bank and Environmental Flows 17 Objectives of the Report 20 Methodology 21 Organization of Report 22 Notes 22 PART II Environmental Flows: Science, Decision Making, and Development Assistance CHAPTER 2 Environmental Flows in Water Resources Decision Making 27 Water-Dependent Ecosystem Services 31 Environmental Flows: Adoption and Methods 33 Environmental Flows and Decision Making 34 Environmental Flows in Policies, Plans, and Projects 37 Environmental Flows, IWRM, and Environmental Assessment 38 Notes 40 CHAPTER 3 Environmental Flows and the World Bank 41 Country Water Resources Assistance Strategies 43 Bank-Netherlands Water Partnership Program 49 World Bank Safeguard Policies 55 Partner Agency Collaboration 55 Notes 58 PART III Case Studies of Environmental Flow Implementation CHAPTER 4 Case Study Assessment 61 Good-Practice Criteria 61 Institutional Drivers 62 CHAPTER 5 Policy Case Studies: Lessons 67 Assessment of Effectiveness 67 Institutional Drivers 77 Summary of Policy Lessons 79 Notes 82 CHAPTER 6 Basin Plan Case Studies: Lessons 83 Assessment of Effectiveness 83 Institutional Drivers 90 Summary of Plan Lessons 92 Note 92 CHAPTER 7 Project Case Studies: Lessons 93 Assessment of Effectiveness 99 Institutional Drivers 110 Summary of Project Lessons 115 Note 116 PART IV Mainstreaming Implications CHAPTER 8 Achievements and Challenges 119 Scientific Achievements 120 Integrating Environmental Flows into Decisions 124 Plan Achievements 124 Infrastructure Projects 125 Notes 128 CHAPTER 9 Framework for Mainstreaminq Environmental Flows 129 The Way Forward 129 A Framework for Bank Action 132 PART V Appendixes APPENDIX A: The Brisbane Declaration 139 APPENDIX B: Infrastructure Design Features for Environmental Flows from Dams 143 APPENDIX C: Background to Environmental Flows 149 APPENDIX D: Water Environmental Issues in Country Water Resources Assistance Strategies 155 APPENDIX E: Environmental Flow Programs of International Development Organizations and NGOs 165 References 177 Index 183