CONTENT 1 Introduction 7 2 Background 9 2.1 Architecture 9 2.2 Bionics [Bionik] Biomirnetics 13 2.3 Transfer and methods 41 3 Classical approaches to investigate overlaps between biology and architecture 50 3.1 Relationship between nature and architecture 51 3.2 Natural construction 54 3.3 Nature's design principles 96 3.4 Parallels, differences and synergies between design in nature and in architecture 108 3.5 Biomirnetics in construction and architecture 109 4 New approaches and application of biology's life criteria on architecture 110 4.1 Life, biology 110 4.2 Architectural interpretation of life criteria 124 4.3 Comments and hitherto unexplored fields 191 4.4 A living architecture 194 5 Case studies 196 5.1 Adaptation and evolution of traditional architecture on Nias Island 196 5.2 Transformation Architecture 243 5.3 Lunar Exploration Architecture 247 5.4 Biomimetic Design Proposals 254 6 Discussion 262 6.1 Transfer strategies and methods 262 6.2 Suggestions 263 7 Appendix 264 7.1 Literature 264 7.2 Figures and Photography 270