CONTENTS List of contributors vii Preface xi 1. Urban ecology by Kevin J. Gaston 1 2. Urbanisation by Kevin J. Gaston 10 3. Urban environments and ecosystem functions by Kevin J. Gaston, Zoe G. Davies and Jill L. Edmondson 35 4. Individual species and urbanisation by Karl L. Evans 53 5. Species diversity and urbanisation: patterns, drivers and implications by Gary W. Luck and Lisa T. Smallbone 88 6. Urbanisation and alien invasion Stefan Klotz and Ingolf Kuiihn120 7. Interactions between people and nature in urban environments by Richard A. Fuller and Katherine N. Irvine 134 8. Urban ecology and human social organisation by Paige S. Warren, Sharon Harlan, Christopher Boone, Susannah B. Lerman, Eyal Shochat and Ann P. Kinzig 172 9. Urban ecology and human health and wellbeing by Jo Barton and Jules Pretty 202 10. Bringing cities alive: the importance of urban greenspaces for people and biodiversity by Jon Sadler, Adam Bates, James Hale and Philip James230 11. Integrating nature values in urban planning and design by Robbert Snep and Paul Opdam 261 12. Urban futures by Michael L. McKinney 287 Index 309