CONTENTS List of Figures x Lint of Tables xi 1. EUROPEAN CITIES WITHIN EUROPEAN SOCIETIES 1. Introduction 3 2. The Long History ot the European City 31 II. A 'HISTORICAL INTERLUDE FOR EUROPEAN CITIES'? 3. The Loosening Grip of the State and the Redistribution of Authority Within the European Union: A New Set ot Parameters to Structure Modes of Urban Governance 75 4. European Cities: A More Diverse but Robust Social Structure Within Eroding National Societies 112 5. Cities and Capitalism: Are European Cities Likely to Dissolve in the Networks of Globalized Capitalism? 14? III. SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ACTORS WITHIN EUROPEAN CITIES AND THE MAKING OF URBAN MODES OF GOVERNANCE 6. Cities as Incomplete Societies: Actors and Regulations 183 7. Dynamic Mayors and Restructured City Councils 227 8. Conclusion 260 Bibliography 277 Index 316